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Stack Basics for Beginners

This document discusses stacks and their implementation. It defines key stack terms like LIFO, push, pop, top, overflow and underflow. It provides examples of stacks in real life like a stack of books. The basic stack operations of push, pop and peek are explained. Finally, it demonstrates how to implement a stack using an array with functions for creating the stack, checking if it's empty/full, and pushing/popping elements.

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Wani Syazwani
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174 views23 pages

Stack Basics for Beginners

This document discusses stacks and their implementation. It defines key stack terms like LIFO, push, pop, top, overflow and underflow. It provides examples of stacks in real life like a stack of books. The basic stack operations of push, pop and peek are explained. Finally, it demonstrates how to implement a stack using an array with functions for creating the stack, checking if it's empty/full, and pushing/popping elements.

Uploaded by

Wani Syazwani
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

DIT 2014
Chapter 4 :
Stack
Shazana Md Zin, FTMM (2010)
2
What is Stack?
3
Stack related term
• A memory portion, which is used for storing the elements.
• Based on principle of Last-In-First-Out (LIFO).
• TOP – the pointer points to the top element in the stack.
• Stack Underflow – there is no element in the stack.
• Stack Overflow – the stack contains equal or no more
elements to be added.
• PUSH – inserting new element to the top of the stack.
• POP – removing one element from the top of the stack.
4
Introduction
5
Introduction
6
Introduction
7
Basic Stack Operations

 There is no need to search or remove an


arbitrary node
 The last element added is the first to removed
 push – Adds an item to the top of a stack.
 pop – Removes an item from the top of the stack
and returns it to the user.
 stack top – Copies the top item of the stack and
returns it to the user; the item is not removed,
hence the stack is not altered.
Last - In- First - Out
 The last element added is the first to be
removed
 Example – The stack of rice bowls in a
cupboard, the stack of books.

8
9
Process
 Example:
 Push books
 Red Book
 Blue Book
 Green Book
 Yellow Book
 Pop books
 Yellow Book
 Green Book
 Blue Book
 Red Book
10
Stack Operation
 Create Stack
 size = 4

3
2
1
0

top = -1
11
Stack Operation
 Make sure the stack is empty@not – before ‘pop’
 If ‘0’ => cannot ‘pop’

3
2
1
0

top =-1
12
Stack Operation
 Make sure the stack is empty@not – before ‘push’
 If stack is full => cannot ‘push’

3
2
1
0

top = 3
13
Stack Operation
 Push data into the stack
 If stack ≠ full => ‘push’ to add a node

3
2
1
0
top -1
1
0
3
2
top
14
Stack Operation
 Pop data from the stack
 If stack ≠ empty => ‘pop’ to remove a node

3
2
1
0
top -1
1
2
0
3
top
Stack Array Implementation
Struct Declaration

typedef struct STACK


3
{
int top; 2
int list[3]; 1
}stack; 0
top list
Create Stack

2
void create(stack *t)
{ 1
t->top = -1; -1 0
}
top list
Overflow and Underflow Controller

int empty(stack *t)


{
if(t->top == -1)
return (1); int full(stack *t)
else {
return(0); if (t->top ==3)
} return (1);
else
return (0);
}
Push Data

void push(stack *t)


{
int data; 3
if (full(t) == 1)
cout<<“Stack is Full”<<endl; 2
else 1
{ 0 0 10
cout<<“Push Data : “<<endl;
cin>> data; top list
t->top++;
t->list[t->top] = data;
}
}
Pop Data

void pop(stack *t) 3


{
2
if(empty(t) == 1)
cout<<“Stack is Empty”<<endl; 1
else -1 0 10
t->top--;
} top list
Stack Class Implementation

 Create the stack


 Insert element to the stack – PUSH()
 Remove element from the stack – POP()

Using array and pointer implementation


21
Full Coding
Conclusion

 Understand the concept of the stack


 How to create the stack
 Remove your data from the stack POP()
 Insert your data to the stack Push()
 Implementing ARRAY and LINKED LIST to build
your stack
THANK
YOU

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