clwsf/sf] kl/efiffx?
sfg"gL, k/Dk/fut jf g}lts ?kdf k|fKo Gofof]lrt bfjL, :jTj -:jfdLTj, clwsf/_, xs, clVtof/ .
g]kfnL j[xt zAbsf]z, g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fg @)$)
s"g} Ps JolQmn] j}wflgs jf ;fdflhs ?kdf dfGotf kfPsf] sf/)faf^ lghn] ug]{ jf lghaf^ c?sf] ;fk]Ifdf
ck]Iff ul/g] lglZrt Joaxf/ . s"g} ;d"x jf JolStsf] clwsf/ lg/Gt/ ?kdf kl/eflift x"g], vf]l;g] tyf ylkg]
x"G% .
cg"jfbM Dictionary of sociology, William P. Scott
dfgj clwsf/ eg]sf] To:tf k|fjwfgx? x"g\ h;n] ;Dk')f{ dfgjhftL
zflGtk')f{ ?kdf af+Rg / dof{lbt hLjg lgjf{x ug{ cfjZos cfwf/e't
kIfsf] ;"lglZrttf ug"{sf ;fy} AolQmdf lglxt ;Dk')f{ Ifdtf ljsf; ug]{ cj;/
x"G% .
Human Rights and Right Based Programming –Basic Training Manual, CARE
Universal Declaration of HRs - Categories
Life
Liberty
Security
3
Nationality
Categories Freedom of thought
Of Rights
ESC Political
Education Equality and recognition before
the law
Three major principles of human rights
All human beings are equal
Dffgj ;j} j/fj/L x'g
No one should be denied from facilities and opportunities
s;}nfO{ klg ;'ljwf / cj;/jf6 jlGrt ul/g' x'Gg
People should have the control over the government
;/sf/sf] nufd hgtfsf] xftdf x'g'k5{
Source of Rights
Individual Person's awareness and empowerment
is crucial to establish or denial of rights.
Organizational power play
Civil Society
role to exercise and denied rights.
Social norms, culture, values
Constitution (fundamental rights)
National law and policies
State Human rights and other declarations
signed by government.
cfwf/eút clwsf/
BASIC RIGHTS
Uff;, jf; / skf;
:jf:Yo
lzIff
cf:yf/klxrfg
cleJolQm
;+u&g/;xeflutf
k|fs[lts >f]t
;Ú/Iff
cfwf/eút cfjZostf
BASIC NEEDS
clwsf/jfnfsf] kIf (Right Holder)
;jfn clwsf/jfnf sf] xÚg s:tf] clwsf/ clwsf/jfnfsf] st{Jo (Duty)
< (Who) (Right)
cfwf/eÒt lzIff afnaflnsf cfwf/e't lzIff k|fKt lgoldt :s'n hfg]
ug{ kfpg] Wofg lbP/ k(\g]
Development: Definitions
Development is a comprehensive economic, social,
cultural and political process, which aims at the
constant improvement of the well being of the entire
population and of all individuals on the basis of their
active, free and meaningful participation in
development and in the fair distribution of benefits
resulting there from. UNDP
Development is a process by which the members
of a society increases to produce sustainable
improvement in their quality of life consistent with
their own aspiration.
David Corten, Getting into 21 Century
lhDd]jf/L jxg ug]{ kIf (Duty bearer)
;jfn lhDd]jf/ sf] s:tf] lhDd]jf/L lhDd]jf/Lsf] cg"udg
xÚg < (Responsibility) (Monitoring
(Who) Responsibility)
cfwf/eÒt cleefjs :s'n k&fpg] gful/s ;dfh
lzIff jftfj/)f tof/L lzIfsx?
cg"udg
lzIfs lgoldt k(fpg] k|wfgfWofks / cleefjs
k|efjsf/L lzIf)f ;+rfns ;ldlt
l;sfO{sf] cg"udg lzIff lgl/Ifs
lhNnf lzIff b/jGbLsf] cfk'lt{ gful/s ;dfh
sfof{no lgoldt lgl/If)F If]qLo tyf s]Gb|Lo sfof{no
z}lIfs ;fdfu|L, uf]i&Lsf] Aoj:yf lhNnf k|zf;g tyf lh=lj=;=
b)* / k"/:sf/ cflb
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;+/rgfut Aoj:yf
kfpg] clwsf/ clwsf/
;"lglZrt ug]{
!fg, l;k, r]tgf
Dff5f ;Úwf/
dfg]{
k|ToIf ;]jf / ;xof]u Dff5f
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bLg]
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cfaZostfd"lv b[li^sf])fM
sfdbf/x?n] kf]lifnf] vfg]sÚ/f vfg kfPsf %}gg\
a:g] af; kmf]xf]/ / uPuÚh|]sf] % .
k|fo ;a} ;ÚsÚDaf;L xÚg\ .
:jf:Yo ;DaGwL ;fwf/)f hfgsf/L klg %}g .
:jf:Yosf] cj:yf ;f/} v/fj % .
w]/}h;f] lg/If/ %g\ .
jfnaRrfx? ljBfno uPsf %}gg\ .
;dffwfgsf pkfox?
cgf}krfl/s k|f}( sIffx? ;+rfng ug]{ .
jRrfx?sf nflu jfnsIffx? ;+rfng ug]{ .
:jf:Yo rf}sL :yfkgfsf ug]{
;Lk ljsf; tflndx? lbg] .
clwsf/d"lv b[li^sf])fM
Gofof]lrt Hofnf kfPsf %g\ ls %}gg\ <
olb kfPsf %}gg\ eg] Toxf Hofnf lglZrt ug]{ s:tf tl/sfx? %g\ < s:n] / s;/L Hofbf
lgwf{/)f ub{%g\<
slt txsf &]s]bf/x? %g / sld;gsf] txx? sltj^f %g\ <
sfdbf/x? ;+oÚQm ?kdf Hofnf ;DaGwL sÚ/f ug{sf nflu;+ul&t ePsf %g\ ls %}gg\ <
;dfwfgsf pkfox?
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Gofof]lrt Hofnfsf nflu cfjfh p&fpg ;xof]u ug]{ .
&]s]bf/x?sf] tx #^fpgsf nflu ;xof]u ug]{ .
c?;+u sÚ/f ug]{ ;Lk, c? vfnsf k]zf ckgfpg ;Sg] ;Lksf]nflu ;xof]u ug]{ .
lasf; ;DjGwL wf/)ffx?sf] ;+lIfKt ;dLIff
/fxt ;"wf/ clwsf/
ljr/fsf] r]tgf g} %}g DffG%] g} xf], t/ s:tf] cdfgjLo cj:yfdf
ljr/fn] b"Mv kfof] k"¥ofOPsf]
;jfnnfO{ p klg dfG%] g} xf] Dff}sf kfP p;n] klg ubf]{ xf]
;j}n] Ps}rf]^L ug{ ;St}gg\ p /x/n] u/Lj jg]sf] xf]Og
x]g]{ b[li^ s;}sf] sd{ o:t} xf] of] ;+/rgf /x"Gh]n o:tf] ;d:of /lxg} /xG%
t"?Gt} ef}lts ;xof]u lbg" k%{ lbP/ ;fWo rNb}g r]tgf / sf]lx JolQm u/Lj, pTkLl*t x"g"df p /x]sf]
;dfwfgsf] k|of; zLk lbg" k%{ ;+/rgf s], s;/L lhDd]jf/ % vf]Hg]
Eff]sfnfO{ ef]nL xf]Og, cfh} Pp^fnfO{ u/]/ x"Gg
vfgf rflxG% ;d'xnfO{ ;#fpg" k%{ kLl*t x"g" JolQmut sdhf]/L eGbf ;fdflhs
clwsf/jf^ j+lrt ePsf]n] clwsf/ :yfkgfsf lglDt
k|of; ug"{k%{
;+:yfsf] sfd /fxt lbg], hgtfsf] sfd /fxt lng]
/fxtdÚvL ljsf; tTsfn ;xof]u, k|ToIf ;xof]u
lg)f{o lng] ;+:yfn,] cgÚ;/)f ug]{ hgtfn]
RELIEF APPROACH
cfkb ljkbdf k|efjsf/L
/fxtsf] ;fy;fy} !fg, ;Lk, Ifdtfsf] ljsf;
;Úwf/dÚvL ljsf;
r]tgfs/)f / ;fdÚlxs k|of;
REFORM APPROACH JolQmut Ifdtf ljsf;df ljz]if hf]*
cfwf/eút cfjZostf, cfwf/eút clwsf/
:ki^ gLlt, kf/bzL{ ;+/rgf / sfo{k|lqmof
gLlt lgdf{)f / sfof{Gjogdf gful/s ;dfhsf] k|efjsf/L ;xeflutf
clwsf/dÚvL ljsf; cfwf/eút k|fjwfg ->f]t, Ifdtf, ;Lk=====_
;a} txdf hjfkmb]xLkg
RIGHTS APPROACH
;fj{hlgs n]vfhf]vf / cgÚudg / dúNof+sg
kl/jt{gsf] k|qm[of – JolQmut, ;+:yfut / ;fdflhs txdf
What is a Rights-based approach to development?
A rights-based approach to development is a
conceptual framework for the process of human
development that is normatively based on
international human rights standards and
operationally directed to promoting and protecting
human rights.
With RBA comes a new vocabulary –
more empowering but more challenging
Benefit/privilege Rights
Improved policy Policy change
Responsible actors Duty bearers
Feedback to Gov. Advocacy
Stakeholder analysis Power relations
Management framework Governance
Legal framework Rule of law
Community institutions Civil society
Participation Empowerment
Capacity building Skills sharing
National laws Universal rights
clwsf/d'ns cjwf/0ff
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• bfloTjjfxssf] hjfkmb]lxtf
• clwsf/jfnf ;dxsf] ;xeflutf
• ;dfgtf÷e]befj/lxt
• clwsf/d'ns cjwf/0ffsf nIox?
• lbuf]kgnfO{ alnof] tyf ;fy{s agfO{ ul/lasf] d'ne't
sf/0fx?nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{
• lglt, k|oTg, k|j[lQ tyf Jojxf/x?df ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g Nofpg]
• ul/a tyf alxis[t JolQmx?sf] xsdf zlQm ;DaGw kl/jt{g ug]{
u/fpg]
• Dfflg;x?nfO{ cf gf] xs clwsf/sf] lglDt :j+od g} n8\g
clwsf/d'ns cjwf/0ff
clwsf/ – pQ/bfloTj – bfjL
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hjfkmb]lxtf
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;xeflutf
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] bfjf
k'/f ub{5Æ / cleefHo 5Æ
ub{5g\Æ
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clwsf/d'ns cawf/0ff
kl/jt{g
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clwsf/jfnf ;d'x
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sfo{jfxs ;“u dfu ug]{
clwsf/jfnf;d'xnfO{ pgLx?sf]
clwsf/
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Dfflg;sf] hLjgdf
cfPsf] kl/jt{g
clGtd s'/f
;+/rgf
k|s[lt lgld{t ;+/rgf a'em\g ;lsG5,
Dfgj lgld{t ;+/rgf km]g{ ;lsG5 .
xfdL
xfldnfO+ ;+:s[lt / ;+/rgfn] jgfof],
xfld klg gof ;+/rgf / ;+:s[lt agfpg ;S5f}+ .
cfzf
d kl/jt{g x'g ;S5', d]/f] ;+:yf kl;jt{g x'g ;S5,
xfd|f] ;dfh kl/jt{g x'g ;S5
of] l;Ëf] ljZj kl/jt{g x'g;S5 .
ljljwtf
ax'ntf k|fs[lts xf], pTkL8g ;fdflhs xf] .
