OO Design Patterns
Session 2
Observer, Strategy, Decorator
Observer Pattern
Or… How do I keep clients aware of
changes, when I’m not sure, or don’t
care, who they are?
Observer Pattern – High Level
Category : Behavioral
The Observer Pattern allows one or
more objects (Observer) to monitor
another object (Subject).
A subset of the Pub-Sub Pattern
When the state of one object changes,
dependants are notified
Observer Pattern
OO Principals
Promotes loose couplings
The Subject does not need to be aware of
Observers except at runtime
Favors composition over inheritance
Program to an interface
Observer Pattern
Basic Structure
Observalable Subject
1 or more Observers
Observer Pattern – Observer
The Observer can register and
unregister itself with the Subject
While registered any events the Subject
notifies on are received by all Observers
The Observer can be programmed to an
interface that specifies a way for the
Subject to update it.
Observer Pattern – Observer
The Observer is programmed
to an interface that specifies a
way it to interact with the
Subject
public interface Observer {
public void
update( Subject o );
}
-OR-
public interface Observer {
public void
update( Subject o, Data a );
}
Observer Pattern – Subject
The Subject maintains a list
of Observers
The subject provides
access to Observers to
add or remove
themselves from a
distribution list
When the Subject needs to
notify, it simply updates all
currently registered
Observers
Observer Pattern – SUN Impl
Java has a number of Observer Pattern
implementation
Swing
General Purpose Observer
Observer Pattern – SUN Impl
General Purpose Observer
Java comes with an out of the box
implementation of the Observer Pattern
The subject extends the java.util.Observable
class
Observers implement the java.util.Observer
interface
void update(Observable o, Object arg)
Observer Pattern – SUN Impl
Some Things to Consider
As mentioned this implementation forces us
to extend Observable for the subject
Remember favor composition over inheritance
This is implicitly single-threaded
Synchronous
As opposed to Asynch Pub/Sub
Push/Pull
Observer Pattern
Example
Observer Pattern
Q&A
Decorator Pattern
Or… How do I dynamically add
additional behaviors to an existing class?
Decorator Pattern – High Level
Category : Structural
The Decorator Pattern allows
responsibility and functionality to be
added dynamically at run-time
Provides a flexible alternative to sub-
classing to extend functionality
Decorator Pattern
OO Principals
Encapsulate what varies
Favor composition over inheritance
Program to interfaces
Strive for loosely coupled designs between
objects
Open/closed principle
Decorator Pattern
Open/closed principle
Objects should be open for extension, but
closed for modification
Allows an objects behavior to be modified
without altering its source
Decorator Pattern
Basic Structure
Abstract Component Class
Concrete Components
Abstract Decorator
Concrete Decorator
Decorator Pattern
Basic Structure
Abstract Component Class
A common ancestor that all involved objects
extend
Decorator Pattern
Basic Structure
Concrete Components
The object to add dynamic behaviors to
Decorator Pattern
Basic Structure
Abstract Decorator
Enforces the contract of the Abstract Component
Class
Allows for more decorator specific behaviors to be
defined
Decorator Pattern
Basic Structure
Concrete Decorator
Implements the specific behavior
Decorator Pattern
Real World Examples
java.io
Abstract Component Class
InputStream
Concrete Components
FileInputStream, StringBufferInputStream…
Abstract Decorator
FilterInputStream
Concrete Decorator
BufferedInputStream, DataInputStream…
Decorator Pattern
Example problem and Solution
Decorator Pattern
Cons
Can Cause “Class Explosion”
Each Decorator is a class
Code can be hard to find/debug
Strategy Pattern
Or…How do I apply algorithms to data
dynamically?
Strategy Pattern – High Level
Category : Behavioral
Allows algorithms vary independently
from clients that use them
Strategy Pattern
OO Principals
Encapsulate what varies
Favor composition over inheritance
Program to interfaces
Strive for loosely coupled designs between
objects
Open/closed principle
Strategy Pattern
Basic structure
Context
Strategy Interface
Concrete Strategies
Strategy Pattern
Context
Is Configured with a
Concrete Strategy
Initiates the work of
the Strategy via the
Strategy Interface
May provide and
interface for the
Strategy to access
it Data
Strategy Pattern
Strategy Interface
Defines a way for
the Context to
interact with each
algorithm
Strategy Pattern
Concrete Strategy
Encapsulates the
algorithm
Performs the actual
work
Strategy Pattern
Real World Examples
Custom Sort options for lists
Strategy Pattern
Example problem and Solution
Strategy Pattern
Q&A
Strategy Pattern
DONE
