Data Link Layer:
HDLC (High Level Data Link Control)-I
Mr. Vipul H. Kondekar
(vhkondekar@witsolapur.org)
Assistant Professor,
Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
Walchand Institute of Technology, Solapur
(www.witsolapur.org)
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Learning Outcomes
At the end of this session, students will be able to
1) Explain HDLC protocol used at data link layer and is a basis for many
data link protocols
2) Explore character oriented protocol and the detailed analysis frame
types and bit patterns.
3) Understand the concepts of types of stations, Modes of operation and
Mode transition diagram.
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Contents
Introduction
Types of HDLC Stations
HDLC Balanced and Unbalanced modes
Mode transition diagram
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Introduction:
• High-level Data Link Control (HDLC) is a bit-oriented protocol for
communication over point-to-point and multipoint links. Recall the
• Specifications developed by the ISO functions of
DLL…!!
• Superset of SDLC (used in IBM’s SNA)
• Specified as the OSI layer two protocol and was Most widely used DLC
protocol
• Supports half & full duplex over point-to-point and multi-point links
• Supports Synchronous and Asynchronous communication
• Full data transparancy.
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HDLC Station categories
• Primary station
– Controls operation of link
– Issues commands (frames)
– Maintains separate logical link to each secondary station
• Secondary station
– Under control of primary station
– Issues responses (frames)
• Combined station
– May issue commands and responses
– Combines the features of primary and secondary stations
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HDLC Link Configurations
• Unbalanced
– One primary and one or more secondary stations
– Supports full duplex and half duplex
• Balanced
– Two combined stations
– Supports full duplex and half duplex
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HDLC Transfer Modes (1)
Normal Response Mode (NRM)
– Unbalanced configuration
– Primary can only initiate transmission
– Secondary may only transmit data in response to
command (poll) from primary
– Used on multi-drop lines
– Host computer as primary
– Terminals as secondary
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Normal response mode
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HDLC Transfer Modes (2)
• Asynchronous Balanced Mode (ABM)
– Balanced configuration
– Either station may initiate transmission without
receiving permission
– Most widely used
– No polling overhead
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HDLC Transfer Modes (3)
• Asynchronous Response Mode (ARM)
– Unbalanced configuration
– Secondary may initiate transmission without
permission form primary
– Primary is responsible for connect, disconnect,
error recovery, and initialization
– rarely used
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HDLC Transfer Modes (3)
• Asynchronous Response Mode (ARM)
– Unbalanced configuration
– Secondary may initiate transmission without
permission form primary
– Primary is responsible for connect, disconnect,
error recovery, and initialization
– rarely used
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HDLC Non-Operational Modes
HDLC also defines three non-operational modes.
These three non-operational modes are:
• Normal Disconnected Mode (NDM)
• Asynchronous Disconnected Mode (ADM)
• Initialization Mode (IM)
The two disconnected modes (NDM and ADM) differ from the operational modes in
that the secondary station is logically disconnected from the link (note the secondary
station is not physically disconnected from the link).
The IM mode is different from the operations modes in that the secondary station's
data link control program is in need of regeneration or it is in need of an exchange of
parameters to be used in an operational mode.
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HDLC Mode transition Diagram
Mode Setting
Commands:
SNRM
SARM
SABM
SIM
DISC
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References
• Data communication- B.A. Forouzan 4th Edition Tata Mc Graw hill
Publication.
• TCP/IP protocol suit- B.A. Forouzan 4th Edition Tata Mc Graw hill
Publication.
• Computer Networking, J. Kurose & K. Ross
• Computer networks- Andrew S.Tanenbaum
• Internetworking TCP/IP Principal, Protocol and Architecture -Douglas Comer-
Addision -Wesley
• TCP/IP Illustrated, The Protocols – W. Richard Slevens, G.Gabrani –PE pub.
• Data and computer communication – William Stallings. - PE pub.
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Thanks!!
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