Lecture
02 COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER
Code:
Credit Hours: 3
Semester: Spr 2019
Class Schedule: Friday (2.30-5.30)
Instructor: Anam Zai
Email: anam.zai@outlook.com
AGENDA
COMPUTER SYSTEM
Components of Computer
Computer hardware
• Input and Input Devices
• System Unit
• Storage Devices
• Output and Output Devices
• Communication devices
Computer Software
• System Software
• Application Software
Components of Computer
A computer system consists of two major elements:
Hardware
Components of
Software
Computer
Hardware: Software:
Computer hardware is the aThe
Act as quickset offorinstructions
guide that operates
testing process
physical parts of a computer various parts of hardware. Also termed
as “Computer Program”
We can actually see, feel, and
touch these components It directs a computer to perform
specificDetermines
tasks ortime,
operations
cost & effort needed
Such as Monitor, Keyboard,
Mouse and Hard disk, etc.
01 Input Devices
HW components
of Computer: 02 System Unit
HW components of a 03 Storage Devices
computer are categories as…
04 Output Devices
05 Communication Devices
Input Devices
The devices which are used to input the data and programs in the computer are
known as “Input devices”.
Function of input devices:
It accept (or read) instructions and data from outside world
Commonly used input devices are following:
1. Keyboard
2. Mouse
3. Scanner
4. Microphone
5. Digital camera
Keyboards
Most common text input device
Usually connected by cable, but can be wireless
Standardized layouts: first six letters of first row
QWERTY
Keyboards
• Alphanumeric keys
• Letters and numbers
• TAB, CAPS LOCK, BACK SPACE & ENTER
• Modifier Keys
• SHIFT
• ALT
• CTRL
• If you hold down the modifier key while pressing another
key, the input of second key changes
• Example: J and Ctrl+J
Keyboards
• Numeric Keypads
• For entering numbers quickly
• Calculator, and PC Keyboard
• Two different layouts
1 2 3 7 8 9
4 5 6 4 5 6
? 7 8 9 1 2 3
?
0 # 0 . =
*
Keyboards
• Function keys
• Function depends on the program in use
• Example: F1 is generally for help
• Cursor keys
• Four keys (up, down, left, right) on keyboard
• Positioning within lists (menus), spread sheets etc.
• Basic motion for text-editing tasks
• No standardised layout, but inverted “T”, most common
The Mouse
• Handheld pointing device
• Very common
• Easy to use
• Buttons
• Usually from 1 to 3 buttons on top, used for making a
selection, indicating an option, or to initiate drawing etc.
Touchpad
Small touch sensitive area
Finger strokes to move mouse pointer
Used mainly in laptop computers
joystick
Movement of stick – Movement of cursor
Buttons for control
Used widely in computer games
Gaming Controller
In Early Days
Smart board
Touch screens
• Detect the presence of finger on the
screen
• Direct pointing device
• Advantages:
• Fast
• Good for menu selection
• Input as well as output device
• Examples?
ATM, Ticketing machines, Smart Phones
Eye Gaze
• Control interface by eye gaze direction
• e.g. look at a menu item to select it
• Potential for hands-free control
• Uses
• Special Persons
• Good for Selection but not for Drawing
System Unit
SU is s box that contains different components of computer system. It is also
called system cabinet. It protects the internal components from damage.
It is responsible for all events inside the computer
All I/O devices connects with system unit to work together
System Unit can be further divided into three sub-units:
1. Processor
2. Motherboard
3. Memory
Processor:
CPU is also called processor
Brain of computer
It interprets and execute the instructions in the computer
Computer can not work without CPU
Motherboard:
Motherboard is the piece of computer hardware
It is most essential part of computer of computer system
The electronic components are connected to motherboard
It is the communication medium for the entire computer system
Motherboard is also known as system board /main board
Memory:
Memory is used to store data and programs
It is the best storage part for the computer users to save data, information and
programs etc.
Memory is primarily categorized into two types:
1. RAM (Random Access Memory)
2. ROM (Read Only Memory)
RAM (Random Access Memory)
RAM is read/write memory
It holds only those data and instructions on which computer is currently
working
Also known as volatile memory
Data lost when power is switched off
It is generally made up of semiconductor device
ROM (Read Only Memory)
ROM is permanent memory, once data has been written onto ROM it cannot
be removed
It is fixed on motherboard od computer of a computer system
Also known as non- volatile memory
Data is not lost when power switched off
Storage Devices
The data and instructions that are entered into the computer system through
input units have to be stored inside the computer before the actual processing
starts
Commonly used storage devices are:
1. Hard Disk
2. CD/DVD
3. USB Flash Memory
Hard Disk
It is permanent storage device and store huge amount of data as compare to
all other storage devices
It is available in different sizes, in market
CD/DVD
CD/DVD (Compact Disk/Digital Video Disk) is a portable and less reliable
storage device as compared to Hard Disk
But it is most popular and less expensive storage device
They are flat and round made of plastic
The are normally used to store data, software, games, movies etc.
USB Flash Memory
USB is portable and rewritable storage device that plugs into a computer’s USB
port
It is reliable, expensive and durable storage device
It consists of a light weight memory chip
It is widely used to transfer data from one computer to another
It is also known as Data Traveler
Output Devices
Output devices produces the final results of computer into human
understandable form
Commonly used output devices are:
1. Monitor
2. Printer
3. Speakers
Monitor
The monitor looks like a television
It is also called Video Display Unit (VDU) and it is used to display information
from the computer
The monitor display text and graphics
The output displayed by monitor is called soft copy
Printer
The printer is a device used for transferring data from computer to the paper
There are color printers as well as black and white printers
It prints characters, symbols, and graphics on paper
Printed output is called hard copy
Speakers
A type of output produced in the form of sound, voice, or music is known as
audio output
“Headsets are also used to produce audio output but only the person
using headset can hear the sound.”
Communication Devices
The devices which are used to communicate and connect a computer with
other computers are called communication devices.
Computer Software
Computer Software
“A set of instructions given to all computer to solve a problem is called
Software.”
“Software is a single/collection of programs that performs a particular task.”
Software is also called Program
Different software’s are used to solve different problems
Types of Software
There are two types of software on the basis of their functionality:
System software
Application software
Application Software
“Application software includes programs that do real work for user.”
Application software is created to perform specific tasks for a user
It is also known as application package
Application software is used to perform various applications on the computer
Examples
System Software
“System Software is a set of programs to control and mange the operations of
a computer hardware.”
Examples
