April 20th
Review Quadratics
Rational Functions
Exponential Functions
Take out Homework
Page 30
1ad, 3, 5, 12
Families of Functions
• Constant
• Linear
• Quadratic
• Rational
• Exponential
• Step
• Periodic
• Piecewise
Quadratic Functions
• Shows a second degree variation (squared)
• Table Graph
-2 12
-1 3
0 0
1 3
2 12
• Rule
𝑦=3 𝑥 2
There will always be an exponent of 2
Standard Rule of 2 Degree nd
•
See Page 28 of Textbook:
Finding the Rule
•
1. Use a point on the line (not vertex)
2. Substitute and into rule
3. Solve the resulting equation
4. Write the rule for the function
5. Check
a
The Rule : y = ax² Changing parameter “a” means that
the graph would be vertically
stretched or vertically compressed.
s :
l e
p
a m
Ex a=4
a=1
a = 1/4
a = -1
What if there’s more to the equation?
http://www.mathwarehouse.com/quadratic/parabola/interactive-parabola.php
2
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= 𝐴𝑥 +𝐵𝑥+𝐶
Rational Functions
This function is discontinuous (not
connected) and happens when you
have a fraction in the function.
“x” has to be the denominator (on
the bottom).
Example: A family wanted to get
together to buy their mother a new
washer and dryer at a cost of
$1200. They figured out a rule
that would show them how much
each family member would pay
depending on how many of them
participated.
Rational Functions
• Is not connected
• Table Graph
-2 -1.5
-1 -3
0 N/A
1 3
2 1.5
• Rule
3
𝑦=
𝑥 There will always be a fraction in the rule
and x will be the denominator
Exponential Functions
• The
x axis will be an asymptote as
• Table Graph
-3
-2
-2
-1
-1
0 1
01 1
12
23 27
3 27
• Rule
𝑥
𝑦=3
X will always be the exponent.
Exponential Functions
These functions happen when the
x variable is the exponent.
Example: You step on a rusty
nail at a construction site, for
every 30 seconds you do not clean out
the cut the bacteria in the wound triples.
A closer look at exponential functions
n a = 1 th e
is f u n ctio
For th
c tio n lo oks
o n e n t ia l f un
exp h a n d h as a
k e t h e g r ap e o ne
li es li k e th
o f v alu
table
below.
TABLE OF VALUES
X Y
-3 1/8
+1 X2
-2 1/4
+1 X2
-1 1/2
+1 X2
0 1
+1 X2
1 2
+1 2 4 X2
+1 3 8 X2
Standard Rule of Exponential
•
Where
Graphically
• A curve that passes through (0, a), and approaches the x-axis
on one end while never touching it.
Parameter “a”
• Generates a change in the vertical scale of the graph
• The further a is from zero, the more the curve is vertically
stretched
• The closer a is to zero (decimals), the more the curve is
vertically compressed.
• When the sign of a changes, the curve reflects over the x-axis
http://www.analyzemath.com/expfunction/expfunction.html
So what does parameter a do?
• The base of these
functions is e=2.81.
The blue line a=1
The red line a= -1
The green line a= -2
What can you conclude
about parameter a?
(there are two things you should notice)
So what does parameter a do?
CONCLUSIONS:
1. If a is positive the graph will increase.
2. If a is negative the graph will decrease.
3. If a is a big number the graph is closer
to the y-axis.
4. If a is a small number the graph is closer
to the x-axis.
The Base
• The value of the base affects its graphical representation.
• When the base is greater than 1, the curve moves away from
the x-axis
• When the base is between 0 and 1, the curve comes closer to
the x-axis
http://www.analyzemath.com/expfunction/expfunction.html
A closer look at exponential functions
The Rule: y = a(base)x
The base can be any number
and the graph will
change when the
base changes.
Let’s take a look at
just one base...
Finding the Rule
1. Substitute the initial value for parameter a.
initial value = y-intercept
2. Sub x and y values of a point on the line (not located on y-
axis)
3. Solve equation to determine value of the base
4. Write the rule
5. Check (Validate Solution)
Finding the Rule (Cont)
The information you need to be able to find the rule
The initial value (y-intercept)
A point on the graph (x, y)
The general form of the exponential function
Ex a mp le
y = a(base)x
Initial value = a, therefore:
y = 3(base) x
Now plug in y=12, x=2
12 = 3(base) 2
Solve...but how?
Divide both sides by 3, take the square root then you have our base!!!
Question 2
• Turn to pg 42.
http://www.analyzemath.com/expfunction/expfunction.html
Try the concept
• Page 42
#1aceg, 3, 4, 15
