Introduction to
Materials Development
Presented: Mary Honey T. Quilab
01 Materials and Materials
Development
Outline
02 Roles of Instructional
Materials
03 Trends and Issues in Materials
Development
04 Principles in Materials
Development
05 Factors Affecting Materials
Preparation
Outline
06 Framework of Materials and
Methods
07 Guidelines and Procedures of
Materials Development
Materials and Materials
Development
Instructional
Materials
Definition
• Especially designed classroom tools
which contain instructions to learners
and teachers, and which specify
each increment of learning
Instructional
Materials
Definition
• Serve as the basis for much of the
language input learners receive and
the language practice that occurs in
the classroom
Instructional
Materials
Definition
• An important element within the
curriculum and often the most
tangible and visible aspect of it
Instructional
Materials
Definition
• Provide a detailed specification of
content, even in the absence of the
syllabus
Instructional
Materials
Definition
• Define the goals of the syllabus, and
the roles of the teachers and the
learners within the instructional
process
Materials
Development
Definition
• Studies the principles and
procedures of the design,
implementation and evaluation of
language teaching materials
Materials
Development
Definition
• Involves production, evaluation, and
adaptation of language teaching
materials
Roles of Instructional
Materials
Roles of Instructional Materials
Resource for Source of stimulation
presentation materials and ideas for classroom
activities
Source of activities for
learner practice and Syllabus
communicative interaction
Reference for learners
Support for less
on different language
experienced teachers
topics
Trends and Issues in
Materials Development
Trends and Issues in Materials Development
Teachers would put
together a book
from their Publishers
commission books
successful
classroom
VS from professional
materials and writers.
submit it to a
publisher.
PAST PRESENT
Trends and Issues in Materials Development
Published materials
Published materials
are driven by the
were driven by the
writers’ experience, VS publisher’s
perceptions of what
imagination and
they can
intuitions.
successfully sell.
PAST PRESENT
Trends and Issues in Materials Development
Uncertain global
Market-led
market
Authenticity gets
Artificial texts
and tasks
VS more focused
English for
English for its
specific purpose
own sake
PAST PRESENT
Trends and Issues in Materials Development
Little design
Design rich
Single-volume
Multicomponent/
titles
Culture and
VS multimedia
International or
methodology of
local culture
origin
PAST PRESENT
Trends and Issues in Materials Development
Rise in local
UK/US publisher
publishing
dominance
Specific
Sell what is
published VS fragmental
markets
Author- and
Indigenous
academic-
learning
centered
situation
PAST PRESENT
Basic Principles of
Materials Development
Basic Principles of Materials Development
Materials should achieve impact.
Materials should help learners feel at
ease.
Materials should help learners
develop confidence.
Materials should require and facilitate
learner-investment.
Basic Principles of Materials Development
What is being taught should be perceived
by learners as useful and relevant.
Learners must be ready to acquire
the points being taught.
Materials should expose the learners
to language in authentic use.
The learners’ attention should be drawn
to linguistic features of the input.
Basic Principles of Materials Development
Materials should provide the learners with
opportunities to use the target language.
Materials should take into account that
the positive effects of instruction are
usually delayed.
Materials should take into account
that learners differ in learning styles.
Materials should take into account that
learners differ in affective attitudes.
Basic Principles of Materials Development
Materials should permit a silent period
at the beginning of the instruction.
Materials should involve intellectual,
aesthetic, and emotional activities.
Materials should not rely too much on
controlled practice.
Materials should provide
opportunities for outcome feedback.
Factors Affecting
Materials Preparation
Factors Affecting Materials Preparation
The curriculum, syllabus,
and learning competencies
Learners’ learning styles,
aptitudes, proficiency
Pedagogical principles held
by the teachers
Societal demands
Frameworks of
Materials and Methods
Framework of Materials and Methods
LEARNERS IMPLEMENTATION
OF GOALS
CONTEXT
EDUCATIONAL
SETTING SYLLABUS
CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS,
CLASSROOM METHODS
01 Learner Factors
• Age and interests
•
•
Level of proficiency in English
Aptitude and attitudes in learning Contextual
• Motivation and personality
•
•
Learning styles
Academic and educational level
Factors
•
•
Educational Setting
02
Role of English in the country and in the school
Available resources and support personnel
• Number of pupils
• Physical and social environment
• Types of test and procedures for monitoring
• Management and administration
• Infographic Style
• An expression of
opinion on the
nature of language
and learning
• A guide for teacher
and learner
• A statement of what
is to be learnt
Syllabus
01
Structural or Formal Syllabus
• A collection of forms and structures,
usually grammatical, of the language
being taught
02
Notional or Functional Syllabus
• A collection of the functions that are
performed when language is used or the
notions that a language is used to
express
Types of
Syllabus
03
Situational Syllabus
• A collection of real or imaginary
situations in which language occurs or is
used.
• Involves several participants who are
engaged in some activity
• Involves a number of functions,
combined into a plausible segment of
discourse
• Aims to teach the language that occurs
in the specific situations
Types of
Syllabus
04
Skill-based Syllabus
• A collection of specific abilities that may
play a part using language
• Groups linguistic competencies together
into generalized types of behavior
05
Task-based Syllabus
• A series of complex and purposeful
tasks
• Activities with a purpose other than
Types of language learning
• Integrate language and other skills in
specific settings of the language
Syllabus
06
Content-based Syllabus
• Concerned with the teaching of
information through the use of the target
language
Types of
Syllabus
Factors to Consider in Writing IMs
01 Understanding
03 Sequencing
02 Structuring / Clarifying
04 Balancing
Factors to Consider in Writing IMs
05 Explaining
07 Reviewing
06 Pacing 09 Transfer of learning
08 Elaborating
Design, Development &
Dissemination of Materials
Design, Development & Dissemination of Materials
Detailed Writing of the
Specification
Design Phase
• Goals of the materials
• Accumulated experience • Subject matter
• Rationale for the design • Modes of presentation
• Conceptual framework • Format of the materials
• Technical details
Dissemination Phase Developmental Phase
• Extensive use of the new • Writing the experimental
IM materials
• Field evaluation of the IM • Internal evaluation of
materials
• Controlled tryout
Guidelines for Developing
Materials
Guidelines for Developing Materials
Needs Assessment Development of
Curriculum Grid
01 02
04 03
Setting Up Objectives Selection of Themes
Guidelines for Developing Materials
Selection and
Deciding on the
Arrangement of
Format 05 06 Content
08 07
Scriptwriting Titles and Captions
Guidelines for Developing Materials
Illustrations 09 10 Editing
08 07
Thank you!
