Introduction to z/OS Basics
Chapter 1: The new mainframe
© 2009 IBM Corporation
Chapter 01 The New Mainframe
Chapter objectives
Be able to:
List ways in which the mainframe of today
challenges the traditional thinking on
centralized computing versus distributed
computing
Explain how businesses make use of
mainframe processing power, the typical uses
of mainframes, and how mainframe computing
differs from other forms of computing
Outline the major types of workloads for
which mainframes are best-suited
Name five jobs or responsibilities related to
mainframe computing
List four mainframe operating systems.
2 © 2006 IBM Corporation
Chapter 01 The New Mainframe
Key terms in this chapter
application programmer MIPS
architecture online processing
balanced system platform
batch processing production control
Business Class punched card
compatibility RAS
e-Business scalability
server farm
EBCDIC
specialty engines
Enterprise Class
system administrator
environment friendly system operator
extensibility system programmer
high availability total cost of ownership
infrastructure transaction processing
mainframe
3 © 2006 IBM Corporation
Chapter 01 The New Mainframe
7th April 1964, Poughkeepsie NY
A new generation of electronic computing equipment was introduced today
by International Business Machines Corporation. IBM Board Chairman
Thomas J. Watson Jr. called the event the most important product
announcement in the company's history.
The new equipment is known as the IBM System/360.
"System/360 represents a sharp departure from concepts of the past in
designing and building computers. It is the product of an international effort
in IBM's laboratories and plants and is the first time IBM has redesigned
the basic internal architecture of its computers in a decade. The result will
be more computer productivity at lower cost than ever before. This is the
beginning of a new generation - - not only of computers - - but of their
application in business, science and government."
4 © 2006 IBM Corporation
What Would You Title This Chart?
Chapter 01 The New Mainframe
5 © 2006 IBM Corporation
Chapter 01 The New Mainframe
The Mainframe Charter – Providing a Strategic Framework
It is our intention to…
Innovation Value Community
• Provide leadership in • Enhance the value • Support programs
innovation to enhance proposition and lower the designed to foster vitality
the use of the IBM cost of computing of in the IBM mainframe
mainframe to support mainframe solutions in a community, helping to
increasingly integrated way that is compelling, promote a strong
and flexible business clear, and consistent.* application portfolio and
processes for the On world-class support
Demand Business.* services.*
* Excerpted from the Mainframe Charter – August 2003
6 © 2006 IBM Corporation
Chapter 01 The New Mainframe
z/OS Innovation –
Redefining the mainframe for 5 decades!
S/360 S/370™ S/390® zSeries,
System z
Models 40, 3145 3158 3031 3032 3081,3083, 3090 ES/9000® z900 z990
3195 G4, G5, G6
50, 65, 90, 3155 3168 3033 3084 z800 z890
91 2000s
1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s
OS/360 MFT MVT MVS MVS/XA MVS/ESA OS/390 z/OS
RACF CBIPO FICON
DFP Parallel Sysplex
TSO IPO PR/SM IRD zAAP GDPS
QSAM JES2 SMS PDSE
RTM WLM HiperSockets
BDAM JES3 ISPF MVS Open ESCON
SVS ISMF LLA Edition UNIX System CUOD Hyperswap
OS/VS1 VTAM
24 bit ACR 31-bit EMIF Services FlashCopy
OS/VS2 FRRs Hiperspace
Cross-memory ServerPac 64-bit MLS
IMS CICS NCP DB2 WebSphere
Assembler COBOL C C++
JAVA J2EE
XML
HTML
Application investment protection
7 © 2006 IBM Corporation
Chapter 01 The New Mainframe
Mainframes in our midst
Mainframes:
Are prevalent, yet hidden from public eye
Not often publicized – stable, reliable, dependable.
Contrast with other forms of computing, such as PCs.
Present opportunities for college graduates in a variety of
technical fields.
8 © 2006 IBM Corporation
Chapter 01 The New Mainframe
What is a mainframe
A style of operation, applications, and operating system facilities.
Computers that can support thousands of applications and
input/output devices to simultaneously serve thousands of users.
A mainframe is the central data repository, or hub, in a
corporation’s data processing center, linked to users through less
powerful devices such as workstations, terminals or media devices.
Can run multiple, but isolated operating systems concurrently.
What businesses use to host the commercial databases, transaction servers, and
applications that require a greater degree of security and availability than is
commonly found on smaller-scale machines.”.
Centralized control of resources.
Optimized for I/O in all business-related data processing applications supporting high
speed networking and terabytes of disk storage.
9 © 2006 IBM Corporation
Chapter 01 The New Mainframe
Mainframe is a balanced system design
10 © 2006 IBM Corporation
Chapter 01 The New Mainframe
Mainframe facts
Who uses mainframes?
– Most Fortune 1000 companies use a mainframe environment
– 60% of all data available on the Internet is stored on mainframe computers
Why mainframes?
– Large-scale transaction processing
• Thousands of transactions per second
– Support thousands of users and application programs
– Simultaneously accessing resources
– Terabytes of information in databases
– Large-bandwidth communications
There are more CICS transactions processed daily than Web pages served
11 © 2006 IBM Corporation
Chapter 01 The New Mainframe
Two mainframe models
BC EC
12 © 2006 IBM Corporation
Chapter 01 The New Mainframe
Inside an Enterprise Class (EC) Mainframe
13 © 2006 IBM Corporation
Chapter 01 The New Mainframe
Factors contributing to mainframe use
RAS -- reliability, availability, serviceability
Security
Scalability
Centralized control
Workload management
Partitioning / virtualization
Continuing compatibility
Evolving architecture
Application enablement, complexity, variety
Potential for thousands of users
Extensibility
Total cost of ownership
Environment friendly
14 © 2006 IBM Corporation
Chapter 01 The New Mainframe
Typical mainframe workloads
Application Program
Process data to
Batch job Input perform a
Data particular task
Output Data
Application Program
Query
Access shared
data on behalf of
Reply online user
Online (real time) transaction
15 © 2006 IBM Corporation
Chapter 01 The New Mainframe
Typical batch use
Residence Branch offices
CREDIT CARD Main
Account balances office
1234 5678 9012
VALID FROM
XX/XX/XX
XX/XX/XX
GOOD THRU
XX/XX/XX bills, etc
5
PAUL FISCHER
PAUL FISCHER
6 Reports
Processing
reports 7
Statistics,
4 summaries,
exceptions
8 Mainframe
Partners Processing batch jobs
and clients
exchange Reports
information 2
1 Reports
Backup
s 3
Data
update Tape Storage
10 Sequential
9 data sets
Disk Storage
Production System databases
Control Operator
16 © 2006 IBM Corporation
Chapter 01 The New Mainframe
Typical online use
ATMs
Account
activities
SNA or TCP/IP 4
1 network
Requests
Branch office
Branch automation
offices systems
2 Mainframe
3 Accesses
database
Office
automation 5
systems
queries 6
and
updates
Central office
Business analysts Inventory control
Disk
storage
controller
Stores
database
files
17 © 2006 IBM Corporation
Chapter 01 The New Mainframe
Roles in the mainframe world
Roles
Application Production Control Analyst
Developer
Operator
End User
System Programmer System Administrator
18 © 2006 IBM Corporation
Chapter 01 The New Mainframe
Mainframe Operating System Heritage
OS/360 -> OS/VS -> MVS -> MVS/SP -> MVS/XA -> MVS/ESA -> OS/390 -> z/OS
z/OS, IBM’s premier zSeries operating system, is a highly secure, scalable, high-performance
enterprise operating system on which to build and deploy traditional and Java-enabled
applications, providing a comprehensive and diverse application execution environment.
DOS/360 -> DOS/VS -> VSE/SP -> VSE/ESA -> z/VSE
z/VSE enables proven, robust, and cost-effective solutions. z/VSE provides sturdy batch and
industrial strength on-line transaction processing (CICS) capabilities. z/VSE can fit comfortably
into a legacy of thrifty, dependable z/VSE solutions.
ACP -> TPF-> z/TPF
TPF is the platform driving the business-critical systems for many of IBM's largest
and most sophisticated users of online transaction processing - airlines, railroads,
hotels, financial services, government, credit card and banking industries.
CP/67 -> VM/370 -> VM/SP -> VM/XA -> VM/ESA -> z/VM
z/VM provides a highly flexible test and production environment for enterprises
deploying the latest e-business solutions. z/VM helps enterprises meet their growing
demands for multi-user server solutions with support for a broad range of operating
systems.
19 © 2006 IBM Corporation
Chapter 01 The New Mainframe
Summary
The New Mainframe:
Plays a central role in the daily operations of the world’s
largest organizations – and the daily lives of most people.
Is known for its reliability, security, and enormous
processing capabilities.
Is designed for processing large scale workloads and
serving thousands of users and transactions concurrently.
Is managed by highly skilled technical support staff.
Runs a variety of operating systems.
20 © 2006 IBM Corporation
