Lecture 4: Operating Systems
UGBS 102 Introduction to Computing
Dr. Awuni Emmanuel, Dr. Owusu Acheampong & Mr. Divine Agozie
Operating System
Objectives Overview
Explain how an operating
Describe the start-up system provides a user
process and shutdown interface, manages
Define an operating system
options on computers and programs, manages
mobile devices memory, and coordinates
tasks
Describe how an operating Identify file management
system enables users to and other tools included
configure devices, establish with an operating system,
an Internet connection, along with ways to update
and monitor performance operating system software
See Page 378 3
for Detailed Objectives
Objectives Overview
Explain how an
Summarize the
operating system
features of several
enables users to
desktop operating
control a network or
systems
administer security
Summarize the
Briefly describe various
features and uses of
server operating
several mobile
systems
operating systems
See Page 378 4
for Detailed Objectives
Operating Systems
• An operating system (OS) is a set of programs containing
instructions that work together to coordinate all the
activities among computer and mobile device hardware
Start and shut
Provide a user
down a computer Manage programs Manage memory
interface
or mobile device
Establish an
Monitor
Coordinate tasks Configure devices Internet
performance
connection
Provide file
management and Updating
Administer
other device or operating system Control a network
security
media-related software
tasks
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Operating Systems
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Figure 9-1
Operating System Functions
• Starting Computers and Mobile Devices
• If a computer or mobile device is off, you press a power button to turn it on
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Figure 9-2
Operating System Functions
• An operating system includes various power options
Sleep mode saves any open Hibernate saves any open
documents running programs documents and running
or apps to memory, turns off programs or apps to an
all unneeded functions, and internal hard drive before
then places the computer in a removing power from the
low-power state computer or device
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Operating System Functions
• A user interface (UI)
controls how you
enter data and
instructions and how
information is
displayed on the
screen
• With a graphical
user interface (GUI),
you interact with
menus and visual
images
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Figure 9-3
Operating System Functions
• In a command-line interface, a user types commands represented by
short keywords or abbreviations or presses special keys on the
keyboard to enter data and instructions.
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Figure 9-4
Operating System Functions
• How an operating system handles programs
directly affects your productivity
Single tasking Foreground
Single user
and and
and multiuser
multitasking background
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Operating System Functions
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Figure 9-5
Operating System Functions
• Memory management optimizes the use of the computer
or device’s internal memory
• Virtual memory is a portion of a storage medium
functioning as additional RAM
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Figure 9-8
Operating System Functions
• The operating system determines the order in which tasks are processed
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Figure 9-9
Operating System Functions
A driver is a small
Plug and Play
program that tells the
automatically
operating system how
configures new devices
to communicate with a
as you install them
specific device
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Operating System Functions
• Operating systems typically provide a means to establish Internet connections
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Figure 9-10
Operating System Functions
• A performance monitor is a program that assesses and reports information
about various computer resources and devices
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Figure 9-11
Operating System Functions
Operating systems often provide users with a variety
of tools related to managing a computer, its devices,
or its programs
File Manager Search Image Viewer Uninstaller Disk Cleanup
Disk File PC Backup and
Screen Saver
Defragmenter Compression Maintenance Restore
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Operating System Functions
• Automatic update automatically provides new features or
corrections to the program
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Figure 9-12
Operating System Functions
• Some operating systems • A network administrator
are designed to work uses the server operating
with a server on a system to:
network. • Add and remove users,
• These multiuser computers, and other
devices
operating systems allow • Configure the network,
multiple users to share a install software and
printer, Internet access, administer network
files, and programs security
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Operating System Functions
• A user account enables a
use to sign in to, or
access resources on, a
network or computer
• A username, or user ID,
identifies a specific user
• A password is a private
combination of characters
associated with the user
name
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Figure 9-13
Types of Operating Systems
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Table 9-2
Desktop Operating Systems
• A desktop operating system is a complete
operating system that works on desktops, laptops,
and some tablets
Windows Mac OS UNIX
Chrome
Linux
OS
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Desktop Operating Systems
• Windows 8 offers these features:
• Start screen interface with tiles
• Includes the desktop interface
• Support for input via touch, mouse, and keyboard
• Email app, calendar app, and browser included
• Photos, files, and settings you can sync with SkyDrive
• Enhanced security through an antivirus program,
firewall, and automatic updates
• Windows Store offers additional applications for
purchase
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Desktop Operating Systems
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Desktop Operating Systems
• The Macintosh operating system has earned a reputation for its ease of use
• Latest version is OS X
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Desktop Operating Systems
UNIX is a multitasking
operating system
developed in the early
1970s
Linux is a popular,
multitasking UNIX-based
operating system
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Figures 9-14 – 9-15
Desktop Operating Systems
• Chrome OS is a Linux-based operating system designed to work primarily with
web apps
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Figure 9-16
Server Operating Systems
Windows OS X
Server Server
UNIX Linux
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Mobile Operating Systems
• The operating system on mobile devices and many
consumer electronics is called a mobile operating
system and resides on firmware
Windows
Android iOS
Phone
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Mobile Operating Systems
• Android is an open
source, Linux-based
mobile operating system
designed by Google for
smartphones and tablets
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Figure 9-17
Mobile Operating Systems
• iOS, developed by Apple,
is a proprietary mobile
operating system
specifically made for
Apple’s mobile devices
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Figure 9-18
Mobile Operating Systems
• Windows Phone,
developed by Microsoft,
is a proprietary mobile
operating system that
runs on some
smartphones
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Figure 9-19
Summary
Variety of desktop
operating systems,
Functions common to
server operating
most operating systems
systems, and mobile
operating systems
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