MODULE 3 & 4

LESSON 1
INTRODUCTI
ON TO
DIGITAL AGE
What do you see??
What is digital age?
We are now living in what some
people call the digital age,
meaning that Computers have
become an essential part of our  What is digitization?
lives.
Digitization is the procedure of
moving a business into the digital age
– embracing the technologies that
are relevant to improving your
organization and enabling it to
become more competitive in the
marketplace.
The ICT and its role in SOCIAL
CHANGE
 Social change refers to a transformation of culture and social
organizations/structures over time. We are aware that in a
modern world, a society is never static and that of social,
political, economic, and cultural changes occurs constantly.
 The social transformations that could result from the
increasing use of ICTs depend strangely on verdicts made by
organizations and individuals outside our household, many of
whom have great economic leverage, political power or
technical expertise. To increase the consent potential of ICTs,
it is important to understand some of their basic features,
which make them a unique kind of technologies.
 Education
Business

Entertainment
Jobs and earnings
Health
 • Home and leisure - you have different machines to help you do task at home
like cooking, washing, air conditions. You use microwaves to help you heat up
food, and have washing machines to wash your clothing. And these machines
are made by using ICT. If it weren't for ICT, we would have to make fire to
cook our food.
 • Communication - every single day, we use phones, computers, and different
sites (like face-book or twitter) to talk to out friends or family and ICT
invented these methods to enable to talk to people and communicate with
them, and ICT also helps us talk to friends that lives on another country.
 ICT also gave us some entertainments to have, instead of just reading
books or doing sports, ICT has made games for us to play and we can
stream on the internet to find something amusing.
 • Gaming - Many people play a wide range of games, on computers or
on play stations. ICT is the reason for this, they made different types of
games for every person to play like action, adventure, construction, and
simulation. There are even game that can help you get fit. We can even
play games with friends online, you can communicate with them as you
play with them. They even made controls for us to use when playing
such as the keyboard and the wii controller. They even made the
controls more advanced like the Oculus Rift.
 • Media streaming – ICT has also given us more entertainment
other than games, now you can listen to music, look at photographs,
and watch a movie. With technologies provided by ICT , you can
stream, or download media that you can use for entertainment, for
these entertainments, we would have to use the wireless network, or
the internet to allow use to stream on any websites. If it weren't for
ICT, we wouldn't be able to have these.
 Theories in Technology

The main reason why society progresses is because of the

kind technology the society has. Technological innovation is
the cause of the social progress. The technology has the
control over the society --- over human actions, culture and
values. Technology greatly influences human thought and
action. In other words the society is changing because of
technology.
 Technological change
 The technology is the most powerful means of wresting power from
nature in all possible ways. It strengthens the facilities of man.

Process of Technological Change

The process of growth of technical knowledge can be divided into

following stages:
 Formulation of scientific principles
 Application of these principles to give technical problems
 Development of technical inventions to the point of commercial
exploitation.
 IT CULTURE AND
THE SOCIETY
LESSON 2
 Let's have to identify the
current and emerging trends
of technology.
E​merging Technology Trends is a series of
thematic publications on emerging
technology. Every year a specific emerging
technology, and its impact on development, is
presented.
 Data (big data) infrastructure, storage, inference and
applications
 Artificial Intelligence (AI) for development
 IoT technologies, infrastructure and applications (smart
societies)
 Blockchain technologies, infrastructure and applications
 5G
 Low earth orbit satellites, Small satellite, Satellite, HAPS,
etc.
TECNOLOGICAL
IMPACTS ON
CULTURE
The culture of a society is reflected in values, norms and
practices. Culture observes itself through individuals to
reflect their perception, practices, values and in transfer of
technology. Technology has a crucial impact on fundamental
aspects of all our cultures including language, art, mobility,
education and religion.
 Culture of a community acts as a standard for perceiving, judging
and evaluating the technology. As technology affects all the
components of culture, it determines the direction of cultural
development.
 People use it for fulfilling their fantasies but a cultural
downfall may occur due to lack of restrictions, regulation
and/or consequences.
Technological Impact on
Social Values
 People get to know extensive knowledge about any subject and
more information has been shared effectively. Technology assists in
transformation of economy and evolution of new social classes too.
  Technology plays a crucial role to strengthen interpersonal
connection. It has contributed in the sector of health, transportation,
electricity, etc.
 Whereas people invest more time in technology and less time in
social environment. Technology has been blamed for turndown of
traditional media such as TV and newspaper, etc. 
 Implementation of technology influences the values of society by
changing expectations and realities.
 Over emphasizing technology has created lack of trust among
people.
 Technology can also be blamed for unemployment, cultural lag,
changes in social institutions.
 The Effects of
Technology on
Human Interaction,
What are they?
The Positive
Effect
 Technology (including both computational and
non-computational systems) has helped to bridge a
global gap during an age of globalization. This
bridge has allowed multitudes to learn about the
world, and connect with others, in ways that were
previously impossible. 
 The Internet has also provided a near unending source of
resources, educational materials, and learning systems for
people to learn or work from their own home, without
interacting with anyone. This has seen an increase in digital
nomad word/telecommuting, and distance learning education
systems, translating into increased convenience for those on-
the-go, but also often has the unintended consequence of
students, workers, adults and children losing their social skills
due to being increasingly isolated from others.
 Additionally, for social interactions, people often meet friends or
dates using apps, from the convenience and comfort of their own home.
This is contrasted with a previous age of meeting friends and dates via
day-to-day mingling outside of one’s own home. The downside to this
is a possible prevalence of antisocial behavior and lack of social skill
development, where, instead of meeting people in the outside world,
some youth are only able to communicate by texting via messaging or
dating apps.
Faster and Ease of Communication

Communication, transportation, and interactions with others are faster

than ever before, with the advent of airplanes, trains, buses, cars, and
computer/mobile messaging and social media apps. Not only are such
complex tasks faster, they are often more efficient. In antiquity, it would
have taken months, if not years, to travel from one end of the globe to
another, or to even make contact with someone from the other side of the
world.
Today, those tasks can be completed in a day, or
within minutes, making living in the modern world
much easier and more efficient. For those with a busy
lifestyle and for businesses, “time is money,” so
saving time and increasing task efficiency is critical.
The Negative
Effect
 Technology has both eliminated a gap and created one. Virtual
distance is the phenomenon where people are physically together but
detached from each other due to being completely absorbed with their
technological device, such as a laptop or smartphone/tablet (mobile
device). This translates to couples, parents and children, and all types
of other human interactions being relegated to the background while
people are busy connecting with others in digital space via their
technological device.
The End of Intimacy
It is not uncommon for people to prefer texting instead of actually
meeting, or at the very least, calling and thus hearing another human voice. It
is also not uncommon for people to walk around, or even sit with others, head
bowed to their digital device without saying a word or even noticing anything
about anyone else.
Human interactions and relationships have thus largely decreased,
while intimacy and human-to-human interactions have been replaced
with human-to-machine interactions. Technology has helped to modify
human behavior by creating a gap between people and reducing
intimacy. In an age where robots and AI are slowly replacing humans
within the workplace, this interaction between humans and machines is
only set to increase.
Defining Human Interaction

 Human interaction can be defined as any action

that is taken between two humans, for better or for
worse. Sociology is the study of human
interactions and relationships, with relation to
societies and cultures.
Changing the Rules of Human Interaction

As a globalized world increases the intertwining of societies and

cultures - often via technology such as social media and the Internet -
many cultures are absorbed by an ever-increasing culture that is
heavily reliant upon technology. While telephones, for instance, have
existed for many decades, messaging apps and mobile devices have
allowed people to adopt brand new behavioral mechanisms that allow
for more convenience and streamlined completion of tasks, with the
trade-off being reduced human-to-human interactions.
 For example, it is not uncommon for expats in foreign countries to
defer learning the local language, and to use Google Translate and
other translation software for communication, which often results in
misunderstandings and the creation of a digital wall between the two
parties. Technology now serves as a medium for human interactions,
which (in the case of computer technology) only increases human-to-
machine interactions.
Virtual Distance and the Growing Child

As noted above, the phenomenon of Virtual Distance affects every

human on Earth utilizing mobile technology, but is particularly
destructive to growing children. Behaviors are rooted in the brain, and
due to neuroplasticity and epigenetics, cognitive development also sees
the development of psychological factors and human behaviors as a
child’s brain “responds” to environmental cues and the behaviors of
others.
Children learn from observing and interacting with their parents and
peers, but their cognitive and psychological development can be
hindered, and certain social skills lost or delayed, when they are
disconnected from others and overexposed to technology. Reduced
human-to-human interactions and increased human-to-machine
interactions has the potential to greatly obstruct normal development
among children who need healthy human interactions to grow.
How is Virtual Distance Affecting Human
Relations?
Virtual distance has created a gap between a myriad of types of human relationships,
including:

Couples: It is not uncommon for couples to spend less and less time actually talking
with each other, and more time glued to their mobile devices or TV sets.
 Teachers and Students: The advent of tablets, apps and computer devices has seen
schools using mobile devices and internet gateways for assignments and learning
 Parents and Children: Often, tablets raise children more than parents do, while a
parent’s inability to directly engage with their children often results in disconnected
children who have not developed the correct social skills to engage with others in a
healthy manner.
 Co-workers: With a modern increase in technology that serves to
automate tasks and replace certain non-technological systems,
personnel often do not have to interact with other workers as much
as before, but often interact more with computer systems. This is
even more of an issue with telecommuting and digital nomad work.
This often results in a lack of enthusiasm for work and/or a lack of
commitment to projects, along with miscommunication and
misunderstandings.
When Connectivity Really Means
Disconnection
 Though technology has helped to bridge global gaps, devices and social
media/messaging apps, for instance, have largely helped to create a larger
disconnect between people. Increased isolation, reduced social interaction and
social skills, and increased human-to-machine interactions are all a result of an
overuse of technology, which has created a wall between many people globally.
 Instead of physically experiencing the emotions of another,
most people who solely utilize technology for interactions
rely on emoticons, for instance. And instead of meeting
physically, many people opt to chat via text over the
Internet. When meetings do occur, social interactions are
often reduced and relegated to chats in between being
glued to one’s mobile device.
Final Thoughts
In the modern day, many people live in the digital world
more than the real world. This has often resulted in a myriad
of shallow relationships, and a great reduction in intimacy
which directly affects the way people operate, the values and
expectations people have, and the way people think about
others. Technology has shaped the way children see and
interact with others and with the world, which greatly affects
their development.
 But technology does have the ability to bridge gaps when
used correctly. It has greatly improved communication
worldwide, has increased the efficiency of transportation
and other personal and business tasks, and thus has given
people all over the world the opportunity to engage with
others in a powerful, albeit, different way.
 In spite of pros and cons of technology, for the better part
it has greatly helped to make our lives better. It has not only
able to save our important resource as time and money but
also has worked well in unifying the world by turning into
global village which helped people to easily overcome their
cultural, racial and continental barriers.
 The ease of connecting through technology and communicating
online does have impact on culture locally and globally as more and
more people choose to communicate online instead of person.
Technology should be oriented towards positive social change.
Hence, technology should be developed to design digital ways to
connect us not only to each other but to promote our values, to
respect each other, and to encourage innovation as we develop a
place for ourselves in the 21st century.
Industrial revolutions and technological
change
 Industrial Revol u tio n
More generally, the term refers to eras when rapid and significant
technological changes fundamentally alter the way that production is carried out in
society, affecting not only how people work but also how they live their lives.
Why there is a social evolution?
Social evolution is a process of directional social change, and
evolutionary theories attempt to describe and explain this
process
ASSIGNMENT

1. How can ICT help in Social Change?

2. How is ICT used for positive in Social change?
3. How can you use ICT effectively as a medium for
advocacy of social change?
4. How IT affects in CULTURE and SOCIETY?
individual activity
once you choose
(draw) give 1 example before and
now.
and differentiate.
explain it further.