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Subject : Urban Transportation & Planning
Semester : 7th Sem (18CV745)
MODULE-I
URBAN TRANSPORT PLANNING
Presented by
Mr Basavaraj Akki
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
JSSATE- Bengaluru
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2 MODUE 01 SYALLABUS
Urban transport planning: Urbanization, urban class groups,
transportation problems and identification, impacts of transportation,
urban transport system planning process, modelling techniques in
planning.
Urban mass transportation systems: urban transit problems, travel
demand, types of transit systems, public, private, para-transit transport,
mass and rapid transit systems, BRTS and Metro rails, capacity, merits
and comparison of systems, coordination, types of coordination.
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Scope of Urban Transport Planning
Transport planning is a science that seeks to study the problems that arise in
proving transportation facilities in an urban, regional or national setting and to
prepare a systematic basis for planning.
Transport planning is an important part of overall town and country planning,
since it deals with the transport network which is an important channel of a
communications.
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7 Urban Transportation Planning
Planning is the Process of working out, beforehand, a scheme, programme or
method for the accomplishment of an objectives.
Urban Transportation Planning is the process of,
1) Understand the factors influencing the demand for urban travel,
2) Development of relationships between the factors and the travel demand and,
3) Use of the relationships to predict the future demand for travel and the
resulting transport infrastructure needs.
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Urbanization is a process whereby populations move from rural to urban area,
enabling cities and towns to grow.
It can also be termed as the progressive increase of the number of people living in
towns and cities.
It is highly influenced by the notion that cities and towns have achieved better
economic, political, and social mileages compared to the rural areas.
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13 Causes of Urbanization
1. Industrialization
2. Commercialization
3. Social benefits and services
4. Employment opportunities
5. Modernization and changes in the mode of living
6. Rural urban transformation
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Causes of Urbanization
Causes Description
14 Industrialization Industrialization is a trend representing a shift from the old agricultural economics to novel
non-agricultural economy, which creates a modernized society. Through industrial revolution,
more people have been attracted to move from rural to urban areas on the account of
improved employment opportunities
Commercialization The distribution of goods and services and commercial transactions in the modern era has
developed modern marketing institutions and exchange methods that have tremendously
given rise to the growth of towns and cities
Social benefits and There are numerous social benefits attributed to life in the cities and towns. Examples include
services better educational facilities, better living standards, better sanitation and housing, better
health care, better recreation facilities, and better social life in general
Employment the majority of people frequently migrate into urban areas to access well paying jobs as
opportunities urban areas have countless employment opportunities in all developmental sectors such as
public health, education, transport, sports and recreation, industries, and business enterprises
Modernization and As urban areas become more technology savvy together with highly sophisticated
changes in the mode communication, infrastructure, medical facilities, dressing code, enlightenment, liberalization,
of living and other social amenities availability, people believe they can lead a happy life in cities
Rural urban As localities become more fruitful and prosperous due to the discovery of minerals, resource
transformation exploitation, or agricultural activities, cities start emerging as the rural areas transform to
urbanism.
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Effects of Urbanization
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1. Positive effects of urbanization
2. Housing problems
3. Overcrowding
4. Unemployment
5. Development of slums
6. Water and sanitation problems
7. Poor health and spread of diseases
8. Traffic congestion
9. Urban crime
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URBAN CLASS GROUP
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According to the Census definition of India, an urban area consists of (Census
of India, 2011)
1. All Statutory Towns: All places with a Municipality, Corporation, Cantonment
Board or Notified Town Area Committee, etc. so declared by State law;
2. Census Towns: which places and satisfy following criteria:- a minimum
population of 5000 ; at least 75% of male working population engaged in non
agricultural pursuits; and a density of population of at least 400 persons per sq
km.
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URBAN CLASS GROUP
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Population Census in India classifies urban settlement into six size classes as per
the limits indicated below, The Population Category
1. 1,00,000 and more Class I
2. 50,000 to 1,00,000 Class II
3. 20,000 to 50,000 Class III
4. 10,000 to 20,000 Class IV
5. 5,000 to 10,000 Class V
6. Less than 5,000 class VI
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Urban mass transportation systems
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URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
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“Mass Transit, also referred to as public transit, is a passenger transportation
service, usually local in scope that is available to any person who pays a
prescribed fare “
Mass Transit System is designed to move large numbers of people at one
time.
NEED FOR MASS TRANSIT SYSTEM
Generates low travel times and travel costs for people and goods
Permits equal access to urban life opportunities (social services, education,
Health, recreation)
Provides adequate support to desired form, size, and density of the city-
region
contributes to the improvement of air quality and urban environment
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BUS RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM
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GPS Based BRTS system. “Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) is a high-quality bus
based transit system that delivers fast, comfortable, and cost effective urban
mobility through the provision of segregated right of way infrastructure, rapid
and frequent operations and excellence in marketing and customer service”.
In India, it has become operational so far in cities like Delhi, Ahmedabad,
Jaipur, Indore, Pune, Bhopal Vijayawada and Rajkot, covering a total network
of over 120 km. The investment involved till now in the development
of BRTS in these cities would come up to more than Rs.13.6 billion.
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53 SAFETY
1,20,000 people die due to road traffic accidents annually (highest
in the world)
Nearly 50% of these are pedestrians and other non-motorised
transport users in million-plus cities
Traffic accidents are the #1 cause of death amongst males aged 18-
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56 The first BRT system was the Rede Integrada de Transporte
('Integrated Transportation Network') in Curitiba, Brazil, which
entered service in 1974.
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57 Bus rapid transit system (BRTS) is a bus rapid transit in India.
The first BRTS in India is Rainbow Bus Rapid Transit System in
Pune, started in 2006.
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58 BRTS
Hubballi-Dharwad BRTS (also known as HDBRTS) is a bus rapid
transit system being built to serve the twin cities of Hubballi and
Dharwad, located in the North-Western part of Karnataka state in
India.
Transit type: Bus rapid transit
Operator(s): Hubballi – Dharwad BRTS Ltd.
System length: 22 kilometres (14 min).
Location: Hubballi-Dharwad, Karnataka, India
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Para-transit system
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Para-transit system
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“Paratransit vehicles are a for-hire flexible passenger transportation
that does not necessarily follow fixed routes and schedules. They
provide two types of services:
1. one involving trips along a more or less defined route with stops to
pick up or discharge passengers on request.
2. The other is a demand-responsive transport which can offer a door-to-
door service from any origin to any destination in a service area
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99 Para-transit system
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100 Factors influencing Para-transit
Longer travel time, Higher cost and Lack of connectivity, Reduced
Ridership of major public transport systems
High cost of introduction and maintenance of mass public
transportation
Short Trip lengths: The average trip length in medium and small
size cities is less than five kilometer
High percentage of low income groups
Creates employment opportunities
They provide first mile-last mile connectivity
Ideal feeder system for the MRTS, Metro/Mono Rail, BRTS etc
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101 Benefits of Para-transit system
Increase in Ridership of existing Public Transport Systems
Reduce in Modal share of Private Vehicles
Time utility, increased productivity and economic growth
Bridging Urban and Rural mobility, especially Urban poor
Employment and livelihood opportunities
Stepping towards Sustainable Urban Transport
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