TOPICS:

A. Text Structure
B. Characteristics of Academic
Language

Most Essential Learning Competency

:
Use knowledge of text structure to
glean the information he/she needs
Use various techniques in
summarizing a variety of academic
 refers to the way authors organize
Text information in text (WDPI, 2012)

refers to how the information

within a written text is
organized. This strategy helps
students understand that a text
might present a main idea and details; a
cause and then its effects; and/or different
views of a topic.
 narrative problem/solution

chronological, compare and

process, or sequence contrast

cause and effect definition or

description
Common Structures
Text
 TEXT DEFINITION GRAPHIC TRANSITIONS/ QUESTIONS
STRUCTURE ORGANIZE SIGNAL
R WORDS
narrative Narrates an Descriptive  Who is the
narrative
event/story language about?
with (adjectives,  Where is it
characters, adverbs, set?
 What is the
setting, similes, and conflict?
conflict, metaphors)  Who is
point of telling the
narrative?
view, and  What is
plot happening?
 TEXT DEFINITIO GRAPHIC TRANSITIONS/ QUESTIONS
STRUCTURE N ORGANIZE SIGNAL
R WORDS
chronologica present - first, second, third
- later
 What items,
events, or steps
l, process, or ideas or - next
are listed?
 Do they have to/
sequence events in - before always happen in
this order?
the order in - then  What sequence of
- finally events is being
which they - after described?
happen - when  What are the
major incidents
- since that occur?
- now/ previously  How is this
structure revealed
- actual use of dates in the text?
 TEXT DEFINITION GRAPHIC TRANSITIONS/ QUESTIONS
STRUCTURE ORGANIZE SIGNAL
R WORDS
cause and provide - If/then  What
explanations - reasons why happened?
effect - as a result  Why did it
or reasons
- therefore happen?
for - because  What
phenomena - consequently caused it to
- since happen?
- so that
- for
- due to
 TEXT DEFINITIO GRAPHIC TRANSITIONS/ QUESTIONS
STRUCTUR N ORGANIZER SIGNAL
E WORDS
problem/ identify - problem is  What is the
problem?
solution problems - dilemma is  Why is this a
and pose - if/then problem?
solutions - because  Is anything
being done to
- so that try to solve
- question/ the problem?
answer  What can be
done to solve
- puzzle is the problem?
solved
 TEXT DEFINITIO GRAPHIC TRANSITIONS/ QUESTIONS
STRUCTUR N ORGANIZE SIGNAL WORDS
E R
compare discuss two - However/yet
- Nevertheless
 What items are
being
ideas, events,
and or - on the other hand
compared?
 In what ways
contrast phenomena,
- but/ whereas –
similarly
are they similar?
Different?
showing how - although  What
they are - also/likewise conclusion does
the author reach
different and - in contrast/ about these
how they are comparison items?
- different
similar - either/or
- in the same way/ just
as
 TEXT DEFINITION GRAPHIC TRANSITIONS/ QUESTIONS
STRUCTUR ORGANIZER SIGNAL WORDS
E
definition describes a - for example  What are the
most important
topic by - characteristics
or listing
characteristics?
descriptio characteristics - for instance  How is it being
described (what
- such as
n , features, does it look like,
attributes, and - including how does it
work, etc.)?
examples - to illustrate  What is
important to
remember about
it?
Directions: Match the informal vocabulary in the list below
with the more appropriate formal options on its opposite
side. A. revise,
review
1. go over
B. confirm, determine
2. show
C. somewhat, fairly
3. begin
D. reasonable
4. good
5. look at E. commence, initiate, undertake
6. a lot of F. satisfactorily, positive,
7. a bit favorable
8. fix G. demonstrate, indicate,
9. make sure illustrate
10. quite good H. solve, repair, amend
I. consider, monitor, analyze
 Classify the signal words given below based on how they are used.
since because however for instance
such as although so that important
powerful due to finally later

Narrative Sequence Cause & Problem/ Compare & Definition or

Effect Solution Contrast Description
Read the passages and determine what sentence structure is used.
There are two popular sports played at Milton,
basketball, and volleyball. Both take place inside of
the gym at Milton. Each sport has also two teams of
people. In basketball, however, the ball can be played
off of the floor, and in volleyball, the ball cannot touch
the floor, or it is out of play. Basketball and volleyball
are popular sports at Milton.
Compare-Contrast
Read the passages and determine what sentence structure is used.
Lots of students fail classes. Some students fail
because the work is too hard for them. Other times
they may fail because they are lazy and do not do any
work. Another reason why they may fail is if they don
not attend school. If they are not in class, they may
miss a lot.

Cause-Effect
Read the passages and determine what sentence structure is used.

Dr. Reyes believes that everyone is responsible for

restoring the toad species. He thinks we could help
restore the toad population if we stop mowing parts of
our lawns and let the grass grow wild to reserve space
for the toad. He also believes we need to stop using
pesticides and fertilizers to save the toads. The
chemicals kill the insects that toads eat.
Problem-Solution
Read the passages and determine what sentence structure is used.
Keila experienced the highlight of any sprinter’s career, as
she stood on the huge platform in the giant stadium and
received an Olympic gold medal. Eighteen months earlier
she was not thinking about running. She was hoping that she
would be able to walk again. Just four years earlier, in the
summer of 1988, as she was training for the Olympic Games,
to be held in Seoul, South Korea, she began to feel very tired
all the time and failed to make the Olympic finals.
Narrative
Read the passages and determine what sentence structure is used.

The Eiffel Tower is divided into three sections. I. The

lowest section of the tower contains the entrance, a gift
shop, and a restaurant. II. The middle section of the
tower consists of stairs and elevators that lead to the
top. III. The top section of the tower includes an
observation deck with a spectacular view of Paris.

Chronological/Sequence
 EVALUATION OF LEARNING
 Prepare ½ crosswise
 Write the following:

Name Date
G12 Strand & Section Batch __

EAPP: Quiz No. ____

evaluation

evaluation
 EVALUATION OF LEARNING
1. a written language that
3-5. What are the three parts
provides information,
of writing structure?
which contain ideas and
concepts that are related to
6-15. What are the features
the particular discipline.
of an academic texts?
2. an informal and often
subjective style of writing
evaluation

evaluation
that aims the mass public.
  I learned that
__________________.
 I realized that
REFLECTION __________________.
:
(Notebook)

FEATURES OF ACADEMIC TEXTS

Reading ACADEMIC TEXTS