KEMBAR78
Introdution To HTML | PDF
Scribd
Upload
60 views51 pages

Introdution To HTML

Uploaded by

Joel Birung
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
60 views51 pages

Introdution To HTML

Uploaded by

Joel Birung
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 51

INTRODUCTION

TO HTML
HTML CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION OF HTML
 OBJECTIVE OF HTML
 WORLD WIDE WEB
 HTML TOOLS
 HTML TERMINOLGY
 HOW TO CREATE AN HTML DOCUMENT
 SAVING AND VIEWING A HTML DOCUMENT
 TEXT TEGS
 SPECIAL CHARTACTER
 ADVANTAGES OF HTML
 DISADVANTAGES OF HTML
INTRODUCTION OF HTML
 HTML is a language for describing web pages.
 HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
 HTML is not a programming language, it is
a markup language
 A markup language is a set of markup tags
 HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages
INTRODUCTION OF HTML
 HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is used to create
document on the World Wide Web. It is simply a
collection of certain key words called ‘Tags’ that are
helpful in writing the document to be displayed using a
browser on Internet.
It is a platform independent language that can be
used on any platform such as Windows, Linux,
Macintosh, and so on. To display a document in web it is
essential to mark-up the different elements (headings,
paragraphs, tables, and so on) of the document with
the HTML tags.
INTRODUCTION OF HTML
To view a mark-up document user has to open the
document in a browser. A browser understands and
interpret the HTML tags, identifies the structure of the
document (which part are which) and makes decision about
presentation (how the parts look) of the document.
HTML also provides tags to make the document
look attractive using graphics, font size and colors. User
can make a link to the other document or the different
section of the same document by creating Hypertext Links
also known as Hyperlinks.
OBJECTIVE OF HTML

 create, save and view a HTML document


 format a web page using section heading
tags
 describe Ordered and Unordered lists
 explain graphics in HTML document
 describe hypertext links and making
text/image link
WORLD WIDE WEB
 The World Wide Web (abbreviated as WWW
or W3 and commonly known as the Web) is
a system of interlinked hypertext documents
accessed via the Internet. With a web browser, one
can view web pages that may contain text, images,
videos, and other multimedia and navigate between
them via hyperlinks.
HTML TOOLS
 There are two tools of HTML.
a) HTML Editor: it is the program that one uses to
create and save HTML documents. They fall into
two categories:
- Text based or code based which allows one to see the
HTML code as one is creating a document.e.g.
Notepad.
- Netscape composer
HTML TOOLS
b) Web Browser: it is the program that one uses to
view and test the HTML documents. They
translate Html encoded files into text,image,sounds
and other features user see. Microsoft Internet
Explorer,Netscape,Mosaic Chrome are examples of
browsers that enables user to view text and images
and many more other World Wide Web
featueres.They are software that must be installed
on user computer.
HTML TERMINOLGY
Some commonly used terms in HTML are:
 a)Tag: Tags are always written within angles brackets. it is a piece of
text is used to identify an element so that the browser realizes how to
display its contents e.g.<HTML> tag indicates the start of an HTML
document .HTML tag can be two types. They are:-
 -Paired Tags: A tag is said to be a paired tag if text is placed between
a tag and its companions tag. In paired tag ,the first tag is referred to
as opening tag and the second tag is referred to as closing tag.
 -Unpaired Tags: An unpaired tag does not have a companion
tag .unpaired tag also known as singular or Stand-Alone tags. e.g:
<br>,<hr> etc.
HTML TERMINOLGY
b) Attribute: Attribute is the property of an tag that specified in the
opening angle brackets. It supplies additional information like color,
size, home font-style etc to the browser about a tag. E.g. most of the
common attributes are height, color, width, src, border, align etc.
c) DTD: Document Type Definition is a collection of rules written in
standard Generalized Markup Language(SGML).HTML is define in
terms of its DTDS. All the details of HTML tags, entities and related
document structure are defined in the DTDS.
d) ELEMENT: Element is the component of a document’s structure such
as a title, a paragraph or a list. It can include an opening and a closing
tag and the contents within it.
HOW TO CREATE
AN
HTML DOCUMENT
The essential tags that are required
to create a HTML document are:
<HTML>.............</HTML>
<HEAD>.............</HEAD>
<BODY>.............</BODY>
HTML Tag <HTML>
The <HTML> tag encloses all other HTML tags
and associated text within your document. It is
an optional tag. You can create an HTML
document that omits these tags, and your
browser can still read it and display it. But it is
always a good form to include the start and stop
tags. The format is:
<HTML>
HTML Tag <HTML>
Your Title and Document (contains text with HTML
tags) goes here
</HTML>
Most HTML tags have two parts, an opening tag
and closing tag. The closing tag is the same as the
opening tag, except for the slash
mark e.g. </HTML>. The slash mark is always used
in closing tags.
An HTML document has two distinct parts HEAD
and BODY

<HTML>
<HEAD>
.............
.............
.............
</HEAD>
An HTML document has two distinct parts HEAD
and BODY

<BODY>
.............
.............
.............
</BODY>
</HTML>
HEAD Tag <HEAD>
HEAD tag comes after the HTML start tag. It contains
TITLE tag to give the document a title that displays on
the browsers title bar at the top. The Format is:
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Your title goes here
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
BODY Tag <BODY>
The BODY tag contains all the text and graphics
of the document with all the HTML tags that are
used for control and formatting of the page. The
Format is:
<BODY>
Your Document goes here
</BODY>
BODY Tag <BODY>
An HTML document, web page can be
created using a text editor, Notepad or
WordPad. All the HTML documents should
have the extension .htm or html. It require a
web browser like Google Chrome or
Netscape communicator to view the
document.
CREATING A BASIC
STARTING DOCUMENT
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>My First WebPage</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Welcome to Grade 9, St. ________
of Holy Family Montessori.
</BODY>
</HTML>
Attributes used with <BODY>
BGCOLOR: used to set the background
color for the document Example:
<BODY BGCOLOR="yellow">
Your document text goes here.
</BODY>
Attributes used with <BODY>
TEXT: used to set the color of the text of the
document Example:
<BODY TEXT="red">Introduction to HTML::
77
Document text changed to red color
</BODY>
Document text changed to red color.
Attributes used with <BODY>
 MARGINS: set the left hand/right hand margin of the document LEFTMARGIN: set the
left hand margin of the document Example:
<BODY LEFTMARGIN="60">
This document is indented 60 pixels from the left hand side
of the page.
</BODY>
 TOPMARGIN: set the left hand margin of the document Example:
<BODY TOPMARGIN="60">
This document is indented 60 pixels from the top of the page.
</BODY>
Attributes used with <BODY>

 BACKGROUND: It is used to point to an image file (the


files with an extension .gif, .jpeg) that will be used as
the background of the document. The image file will be
tiled across the document. Example:
<BODY BACKGROUND="filename. if">
Your document text goes here
</BODY>
Follow the steps to create and view in browser

 Step-1: O p e n t e x t e d i t o r N o t e p a d ( c l i c k o n Star t→ A l l Programs→ Accessories Notepad)


 Step-2: Enter the following lines of code:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
My first Page
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
WELCOME TO MY FIRST WEB PAGE
</BODY>
</HTML>
S A V I N G A N D V I E W I N G A H T M L DOCUMENT

 Step-3: Save the file as myfirstpage.html (go to File-Save As give File name:
myfirstpage.html-choose save as type: All Files-click save)
 Step-4: Viewing document in web browser (open Internet Explorer-click on File-Open-
Browse-select the file myfirstpage.html-click open-click ok
TEXT TEGS

 Text tag are dividing into two categories as:


-Character-level tags and attributes which applies to formatting of individual letters or words.
-Paragraph level tags and attributes which apply
=To formatting of sections of text.
Character Formatting Tag

 The character formatting tags are used to specify how a particular text should be displayed
on the screen to distinguish certain characters within the document.
The most common character formatting tags

are
Boldface <B>: displays text in BOLD
Example: Welcome to the <B> Internet World </B>
Output: Welcome to the Internet World
 Italics <I>: displays text in Italic
Example: Welcome to the <I> Internet World </I>
Output: Welcome to the Internet World
 Subscript <SUB>: displays text in Subscript
 Superscript <SUP>: displays text in Superscript
 Small <SMALL>: displays text in smaller font as compared to normal font
 Big <BIG>: displays text in larger font as compared to normal font
 Underline<U>specifies that the enclosed text be underline
Example:<U> hello</u>
Output: hello
Font Colors and Size:<FONT>

 By using <FONT> Tag one can specify the colors, size of the text. Example:
<FONT> Your text goes here </FONT>
Attributes of <FONT> are:
- COLOR: Sets the color of the text that will appear on the
screen. It can be set by giving the value as #rr0000 for red (in RGB hexadecimal format), or
by name. Example: <FONT COLOR="RED"> Your text goes here </FONT>
Font Colors and Size:<FONT

 SIZE: Sets the size of the text, takes value between 1 and
7, default is 3. Size can also be set relative to default size
for example; SIZE=+X, where X is any integer value and it will add with the default size.
 Example:
<FONT SIZE=5> Font Size changes to 5 </FONT>
 FACE: Sets the normal font type, provided it is installed on the user’s machine.
 Example:
 <FONT FACE="ARIAL"> the text will be displayed in Arial</FONT>
An HTML document formatText.html shows the use of
Character Formatting Tags.

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Use of Character Formatting Text Tags
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1><I> Welcome to the world of Internet</I></H1>
It is a
<FONT COLOR="BLUE" SIZE="4">
<U>Network of Networks</U>
</FONT>
</BODY>
</HTML>
OUTPUT

Welcome to the world of Internet

It is a Network of Networks
MARQUEE TAG

 This tag is used text horizontally across the screen.it is mainly used to deliver a specfic
message to the visitor or to scroll Ads on a page.
 Example: <marquee> hello world></marquee>
Attributes of marquee tag

 Bgcolor : Sets the background color of the marquee.


 Direction :Sets the direction of the marquee box to either left-to-right, right-to-left, up-to-
down and down-to-up.
 Width: This sets how wide the marquee should be.
 Loop: This sets how many times the marquee should 'Loop' its text. Each trip counts as one
loop.
paragraph Formatting Tag

 Paragraph level formatting applies to formatting of an entire portion of text unlike


character level tags where only individual letters or words are formatted.
The most common paragraph formatting tags
are
 Using paragraph tag: <P>
T h i s t a g < P > i n d i c a t e s a p a r a g r a p h ,u s e d t o s e p a r a t e two
paragraphs with a blank line.
 Example:
<P> Welcome to the world of HTML </P>
<P> First paragraph. Text of First paragraph goes here</P>
 Output:
Welcome to the world of HTML
First paragraph. Text of First paragraph goes her
Using Line Break Tag: <BR>

 The empty tag <BR> is used, where the text needs to start from a new line and not continue on
the same line. To get every sentence on a new line, it is necessary to use a line break.
 Example:
<BODY>National Institute of Open Schooling <BR>
B-31B, Calipash Colony <BR>
New Delhi-110048</BODY>
 Output:
National Institute of Open Schooling
B-31B, Calipash Colony
New Delhi-11004
Using Preformatted Text Tag: <PRE>

 <PRE> tag can be used, where it requires total control over s p a c i n g a n d l i n e b r e a k s s u c h a s t


y p i n g a p o e m . B r o w s e r preserves your space and line break in the text written inside the tag.
 Example:
<PRE>
National Institute of Open Schooling
B-31B, Kailash Colony
New Delhi-110048
</PRE>
 Output:
National Institute of Open Schooling
B-31B, Kailash Colony
New Delhi-11004
An HTML document control.html shows the use of <P>,
<BR> and <PRE>

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Use of Paragraph, Line break and preformatted text Tag
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
HTML Tutorial
<P>
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.
An HTML document control.html shows the use of <P>,
<BR> and <PRE>

</P>
<P>
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.<BR>
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple<BR>
and easy to learn.<BR>
</P>
<PRE>
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.
</PRE>
</BODY>
</HTML>
OUTPUT

 HTML Tutorial

HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. It is used for creating web page. It is very
simple and easy to learn.

HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.


It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.

HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.


It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.
Using Horizontal Rule Tag: <HR>

 An empty tag <HR> basically used to draw lines and horizontal rules. It can be used to separate two
sections of text.
 Example:
<BODY>
Your horizontal rule goes here. <HR>
The rest of the text goes here.
</BODY>
 Output:
Your horizontal rule goes here.

The rest of the text goes her


<HR> accepts following attributes

 SIZE: Determines the thickness of the horizontal rule. The value is given as a pixel value.
Example: <HR SIZE="3">
 WIDTH: Specifies an exact width of HR in pixels, or arelative width as percentage of the document width.
Example: <HR WIDTH="50%">, horizontal rule a width a 50 percent of the page width.
 ALIGN: Set the alignment of the rule to LEFT, RIGHT and CENTER. It is applicable if it is not equal to width of the
page.
 NOSHADE: If a solid bar is required, this attribute is used; it specifies that the horizontal rule should not be shaded at all.
 COLOR: Set the color of the Horizontal rule.
Example: <HR COLOR="BLUE“>
Example of <HR> with its attribute:
<HR ALIGN=' 'CENTER' ' WIDTH=' '50%' ' SIZE=' '3" NOSHADE
COLOR="BLUE“>
HEADING: <H1>.............<H6>tags

HTML has six header tags <H1>, <H2>...........<H6> used to specify section headings. Text
with header tags is displayed in larger and bolder fonts than the normal body text by a web
browser. Every .header leaves a blank line above and below it when displayed in browse.
Example: An HTML document, headings.html shows the
different section headings

.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Section Heading
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1> This is Section Heading 1 </H1>
<H2> This is Section Heading 2 </H2>
<H3> This is Section Heading 3 </H3>
<H4> This is Section Heading 4 </H4>
<H5> This is Section Heading 5 </H5>
<H6> This is Section Heading 6 </H6>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Viewing output of HTML document
headings.html in browse

This is Section Heading 1


This is Section Heading 2
This is Section Heading 3

This is Section Heading 4


This is Section Heading 5
This is Section Heading 6
SPECIAL CHARTACTER

 There are certain special characters that can be used while creating document.Following
are some special character:
 Symbols Entity
©, ® &copy, &reg
¼, ½, ¾ &frac14, &frac12, &frac34
÷, <, >, ≤,≥ &divide, &lt, &gt, &le, &ge
& &amp
♣♠♥ &spades, &clubs, &hearts
All these special character must be ended with a semicolon;
Example:

<PRE>
The copyright symbol is: &COPY;
The registered rank is: &REG;
</PRE>
 Output:
The copyright symbol is:©
The registered rank is:®
ADVANTAGES OF HTML

 Easy to use
 Loose syntax (although, being too flexible will not comply with standards).
 Supported on almost every browser, if not all browsers.
 Widely used; established on almost every website, if not all websites.
 Very similar to XML syntax, which is increasingly used for data storage.
 Free - You need not buy any software.
 Easy to learn & code even for novice programmers.
DISADVANTAGES OF HTML

 It cannot produce dynamic output alone, since it is a static language


 Sometimes, the structuring of HTML documents is hard to grasp
 You have to keep up with deprecated tags, and make sure not to use them
 Deprecated tags appear because another language that works with HTML
has replaced the original work of the tag; thus the other language needs
to be learned (most of the time, it is CSS)
 Security features offered by HTML are limited

You might also like