CS2 Introduction to Computational
PROGRAMS, Thinking
PROGRAMMING Week 2 Day 2
Module Code 1.0
LANGUAGES AND Lesson Code 1.2
COMPILERS Prepared by:
Maureen D. Agrazamendez
OBJECTIVES
1. identify a program, programming language and a
compiler
2. differentiate the types of programming language.
3. explain how a computer program works
LET’S WATCH THIS!
Code.org (February 26, 2013). What Most Schools Don’t Teach
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nKIu9yen5nc
THE COMPUTER SYSTEM
WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
•A computer is a device that can
accept human instruction, process
the data under the control of a
computer program and respond to it.
•Hardware
•Software
SOFTWARE
• Software is a set of programs that performs
multiple tasks.
• For example, word processors are
programs that we use to write letters,
papers, and even books.
• All programs are written or created using
certain programming languages.
• Software can be divided into three major
types:
• system software, application software and
utility software.
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
• System software is a type of software that controls the computer.
• Example: operating system (first program that loads when we turn on a computer.)
• 1. Operating System (OS) is a program that helps us in interacting with the computer
system.
• 2. Language processor is a software program designed or used to perform tasks such as
processing program code to machine code.
• There are three languages involved in the world of human-machine interaction:
• Machine Language,
• Assembly language, and
• High-level Language.
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
• Application software is a type of software that performs a specific task.
• Examples: Word processors, spreadsheets and games
• There are two types of application software:
• General-purpose and specific-purpose software.
• Programs under general-purpose application software come as ready-built or ready to use
programs, manufactured by software companies like Microsoft excel, VLC media player and
Adobe Photoshop.
• Programs under specific purpose application software can be customized and are mostly
used in real-time or business environment like Payroll Management System, Point-Of-Sale
System and the likes.
• Programs under utility software are the one giving assistance or service to the users like
antivirus software, disk defragmenter tools and the likes.
PROGRAM, PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES, AND COMPUTER
PROGRAMMING
A program is a set of instructions given to a
computer to perform specific operation.
Programs are written in a programming language.
Programming Language is an artificial language
used to write instructions.
Computer Programming is the process of
developing and implementing various sets of
instructions for a computer to perform specific
tasks.
1. Machine Language
- natural language of a computer.
- provides program instructions in bits.
2. Assembly Language
- these are the Low-Level Language (LLL), that forms a communication between
machine language and general assembly level statements
- uses mnemonics to represent the various machine language instruction.
- have the same structure and set of command as machine language but enable the
programmer to understand it.
3. High-level Language (HLL)
- uses the English language as instructions. This type of language is the easiest to master
and manipulate since it is used by humans in communicating with each other.
Assembler is a program that translates an assembly language
instructions into machine language.
Compiler is a program that translates high-level language
instructions into machine language in one go, thus the execution
time is fast. Programming languages like C and C++ use compiler.
Interpreter is also a program that translates high level language
into machine language but line-by-line, thus the execution time is
slow.
Programming languages like Python, Java use interpreter.
LET’S WATCH THIS!
What is Compiler
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vi8npxRMGac
ACTIVITY
Using the following words,
complete the diagram below to
show its relationship.
Machine Language
Compiler
Low Level Language
High Level Language
C++
Program
Programming Language
Software
Assembler
Assembly Language
Software
Using the following words, complete the
diagram below to show its relationship. Program
Machine Language Programming Language
Compiler
Low Level Language
High Level Language High Level Language Low Level Language
C++
Program
C++ Assembly Language
Programming Language
Software
Assembler Compiler Assembler
Assembly Language
Machine Language
