Science, Technology, and Society

(SCITECS)

Week 7

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STS: When
technology and
humanity cross
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WHEN TECHNOLOGY AND HUMANITY
CROSS
 This section addresses the quintessential documents that
safeguard human rights in the face of scientific and technological
advances and ensure the welfare of the human individual.

 It reviews key principles from the Universal Declaration of Human

Rights, UNESCO Recommendation on the Status of Scientific
Researchers, and UNESCO Declaration on the Use of Scientific
Knowledge and how these international documents position
human rights in the intersection of technology and humanity.
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WHEN TECHNOLOGY AND HUMANITY
CROSS
 A human rights perspective  UNESCO Recommendation
also affirms that access to on the Status of Scientific
scientific information is a Researchers —1974 (article
human right (Article 27(1) of 4):
the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights,
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WHEN TECHNOLOGY AND HUMANITY
CROSS

 UNESCO Declaration on the Use of Scientific

Knowledge — 1999 (article 33):
 this states, "Today, more than ever, science
and its applications are indispensable for
development.
 When Technology and Humanity Cross  Humanity

 The idea that new technologies can  From the Latin word “humanitas”
liberate us from the human condition is a which means “ human nature,
fantasy. In reality, the 21st-century will be kindness’’
all too human.
 Humanity is the human race,
which includes everybody on
 Importance of Technology to Humanity earth.

 Technology has profound on every  It is also a word for the qualities

aspect of lives. that make us human, such as the
 The way we live, interact changes ability to love and have
through technology in the different fields compassion, be creative and not
of education, medicine, transportations, be a robot or alien.
economy, communications and politics.
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WHEN TECHNOLOGY AND HUMANITY
CROSS

 The ever-growing society has made people see technology as some

form of necessity Tracing back its origins, the word "technology"
came from the Greek words techne and log which mean art and
word, respectively.

 Taking the two words together, technology means a discourse on

arts (Buchanan, 2010).

 It first appeared in the seventeenth century where the concept was

only used to talk about the arts, specifically applied arts.
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WHEN TECHNOLOGY AND HUMANITY
CROSS
 The roles played by technology these days are
very crucial not only to a few but also to everyone.  It is with great effort that people were able
to achieve such great inventions
 In one way or another, each person in the society
 Technology these days enjoys such fame
is directly or indirectly affected by technology and glory because of the many different
whether he wills it or not. benefits it brings to mankind.

 In fact, most people survive their everyday lives  Some would even say that it does not only
with great reliance to the different technological bring convenience but also pleasure and
happiness to people.
advancements already\ available to the masses.
 This is because of the different leisure
 While there may be some who would claim that
activities that technology can offer to
their lives are not greatly affected by technology, people.
the fact cannot be denied that technology is
already an inevitable part of the society.
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WHEN TECHNOLOGY AND HUMANITY
CROSS

 At present, people work very hard in order to save money to buy

these "necessities" while in the past, people only used their
money for the things that would help them survive like food,
housing, and clothing. In effect, anything outside these
categories was considered a luxury.
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Television Sets, Mobile Phones,
Computers and Humanity

I. A number of technological devices can be

easily found inside the home, the most
accessible place to anyone. First, according to Kantar
II. To be more specific. These “celebrities” in Media, one of the most trusted
the field of technology are television sets, television audience measurement
moblie phones, and computers.
providers, in the Philippines, 92 %
III. People all over the world use these of urban homes and 70 % of rural
technologies everyday to accomplish
homes own at least one television
different purposes.
set.
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Television Sets, Mobile Phones,
Computers and Humanity
 Based on the data on the global Television was a product of different experiments
television market, there are over 1.72 by various people.
billion homes with TV's worldwide, and Paul Gottlieb Nipkow, a German student, in the
this will continue to grow to more than late 1800’s was successful in his attempt to send
1.8 billion in 2026. images through wires with the aid of a rotating
metal disk.
 Total TV households in the Philippines
for 2022 are estimated at almost 19 This invention was then called the “electric
telescope” that had 18 lines of resolution.
million.

 ABS-CBN named best TV station of the

year at Inding-Indie Excellence Awards
2022 – Manila Bulletin.Sep 1, 2022
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Television Sets, Mobile Phones,
Computers and Humanity
 In 1907, 2 inventors Alan Archibald
Campbell-Swinton (English scientist)
and Boris Rosing (Russian scientist),
created a new system of television by
using the cathode ray tube in addition to
the mechanical scanner system.

 These experiments inspired other

scientists to improve the previous
inventions, that led to the modern TV
now.
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Television Sets, Mobile Phones,
Computers and Humanity
Second, Filipinos love to use their mobile phones
anywhere, anytime.
 They use it for different purposes other than
 Mobile phones have a very
for communication.
interesting background story.
 According to GSMA Intelligence, the
Philippines has recorded 156.5 million cellular  On April 3, 1973, Martin
mobile connections this year, with an Cooper, a senior engineer at
increased 6.9 million between 2021 and Motorola, made the world’s first
2022. mobile phone call.

 It is equivalent to 140% of the total population  In 1983 Motorola made their

in 2022. In addition to that, 96.5% Filipinos first commercial mobile phone
use cellular mobile connections that are available to the public.
broadband. Jul 9, 2022 Smartphones users in Motorola DynaTAC 8000x
the Philippines at present is 84.67% (Goodwin, 2016)
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Television Sets, Mobile Phones,
Computers and Humanity
Lastly, computers and laptops have also become
part of many of the Filipino households.

 While it is true that almost all Filipino families own at

least one TV set and a mobile phone, it is not possible
for all Filipino to own at least one commuter or laptop.

 In fact most of the profits gained by computer and laptop

manufacturers come from offices, businesses, or schools
where such devices have become part of their
necessities.

 In 2020, the number of internet users in the country grew

to approximately 79.7 million people, accounting for
more than half of the total population.

 The digital population mostly belong to the age group of

16 years old and above.
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Television Sets, Mobile Phones,
Computers and Humanity
I. Just like TV sets and mobile phones,
computers and laptops also have
along background history of trial and
error.

II. It was Charles Babbage (1791-1871),

a 19th century English mathematics
professor, who designed the Analytical
Engine (the world’s first mechanical
�
computer) which was used as the
basic framework of the computers
even until the present time.
�
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Television Sets, Mobile Phones,
Computers and Humanity
I. In general, computers can be classified
into 3 generations.

II. Each generation of the computer was

used for a certain period of time and each
gave people a new and improved version
of the previous one.

III. Before, the first design of computer was

so big that it could occupy whole floor
buildings.

 The first true portable

computer was released in
April 1981.

 It was called the Osborne

1(Orfano,2011)
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Television Sets, Mobile Phones,
Computers and Humanity

 Average daily time

spent using online
media in the
Philippines in 3rd
quarter 2021, by
activity(in hours)
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Television Sets, Mobile Phones,
Computers and Humanity

The essential headlines for digital adoption and use in the Philippines in early 2023

 There were 85.16 million internet users in the Philippines at the start of 2023, when
internet penetration stood at 73.1 percent.

 The Philippines was home to 84.45 million social media users in January 2023,
equating to 72.5 percent of the total population.

 A total of 168.3 million cellular mobileconnections were active in the Philippinesin

early 2023, with this figure equivalent to 144.5 percent of the total population.
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Ethical Dilemma Faced by these
Technological Advancements
 AI and Automation: Concerns about job displacement due to increased
efficiency and productivity.

 Privacy and Data Security: Ethical dilemmas arise from the collection,
access, and protection of personal data.

 Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering: Ethical concerns include designer

babies, unequal access to enhancements, and ecological consequences.

 Autonomous Vehicles: Safety and liability dilemmas, including prioritizing

occupants versus pedestrians and job loss in transportation.

 Social Media and Mental Health: Ethical issues include cyberbullying,

addiction, privacy violations, and the spread of misinformation.
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Robotics and Humanity
 Another great product of the innovative minds of the people is the Robot.

• Robots are now widely used. For example,

there are the so-called service robots.

• These particular robots do specific tasks

but focus mainly in assisting their masters
in their everyday tasks.

• The International Federation of Robotics

(IFR) and United Nations Economic
Commission for Europe (UNECE) made it
their task to formulate a working definition
for service robots.
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Robotics and Humanity
Two types of Robot:
I. Professional Robots
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Robotics and Humanity

Two types of Robot:

II. personal robot
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Robotics and Humanity
Professional Robots:

 These robots are designed for specific tasks or functions within

professional environments such as factories, hospitals, warehouses, and
offices.

They are typically programmed to perform repetitive or dangerous tasks that

humans might find tedious, risky, or time-consuming.

Examples: Industrial robots used in manufacturing for assembly or welding,

robotic arms in surgery assisting surgeons, automated guided vehicles
(AGVs) for material handling in warehouses, unmanned ground vehicles
(UGVs) or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).and chatbots for customer
service.
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Robotics and Humanity
Personal Robots:

 These robots are designed to interact with individuals or families in

domestic settings or for personal use.

They often focus on providing assistance, entertainment,

companionship, or convenience to users in their daily lives.

Examples: Home cleaning robots like Roomba, companion robots like

Temi and Eilik designed to interact with humans and provide
companionship, educational robots for children like LEGO Mindstorms,
and personal assistant robots like Amazon Echo or Google Home.
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Robotics and Humanity
History of Robot
The earliest conception of robots can be
traced around 3000 B.C. from the
Egyptians.

Their water clocks used human figurines to

strike the hour bells. This mechanical device
was built to carry out a specific physical task
regularly.
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Robotics and Humanity
History of Robot
During the Middle Ages, automata
continued to be developed, often
featuring in clocks, religious
ceremonies, and courtly
entertainment.

One famous example is the clock

built by the Arab engineer Al-Jazari in
the 12th century, which featured
mechanical musicians.
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Robotics and Humanity
History of Robot
The Industrial Revolution brought significant advancements in
machinery and automation, laying the groundwork for modern
robotics. Inventors like Jacques de Vaucanson and his famous
mechanical duck and Joseph Marie Jacquard with his
programmable loom made significant contributions to
mechanical automation.
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Robotics and Humanity
History of Robot
The Second World War saw
rapid progress in automation and
remote controlled devices,
particularly in military
applications such as bombs and
missiles.
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Robotics and Humanity
History of Robot
In the post-war era, robotics became an area of intense
research and development, particularly in industrial
automation. Companies like Unimation, founded by George
Devol and Joseph Engelberger, introduced the first
industrial robot in 1956, revolutionizing manufacturing
processes.
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Robotics and Humanity
History of Robots
Since then, robotics has seen continuous advancements in various
fields, including manufacturing, medicine, space exploration, and
entertainment. Developments in artificial intelligence, materials
science, and sensor technology have fueled progress in creating
more sophisticated and autonomous robots.
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Robotics and Humanity
History of robot
Today, robots are increasingly integrated into everyday life, from
household chores to assisting in surgeries and exploring distant planets.
The fields of robotics and AI continue to evolve rapidly, with ongoing
research focused on making robots more intelligent, adaptable, and
capable of interacting with humans in diverse environments.
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Robotics and Humanity
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Robotics and Humanity
1. First Law: A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come

to harm. This law prioritizes human safety and well-being above all else. It prohibits robots from

taking actions that could directly harm humans or from failing to prevent harm if they have the

capability to do so.

2. Second Law: A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings, except where such orders

would conflict with the First Law. The second law emphasizes obedience to human commands,

provided those commands do not lead to harm or conflict with the First Law. This highlights the

importance of human authority over robotic actions while maintaining a focus on safety.

3. Third Law: A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with

the First or Second Law. The third law addresses self-preservation in robots. It allows robots to take

actions to ensure their own survival, but only if doing so does not endanger humans or violate the

first two laws.

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Robotics and Humanity
Zeroth Law: A robot may not harm humanity, or, by inaction, allow humanity to come
to harm.

This law places the well-being of humanity as a whole above individual humans,
further complicating the ethical considerations for robotic behavior.

These laws have served as a framework for exploring the interactions between
humans and intelligent machines in science fiction and have influenced real-world
discussions about the ethical development and deployment of artificial intelligence
and robotics. However, implementing these laws in practice poses significant
challenges due to the complexity of human values, the limitations of machine
understanding, and the unpredictability of real-world scenarios.
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Ethical Dilemma/s Faced by Robotics
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Ethical Dilemma/s Faced by Robotics

 Safety

 Who should be held accountable if someone’s safety is

compromised by a robot?

 Who should be blamed, the robot, the agent using the robot, or
the maker/inventor of the robot?
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Ethical Dilemma/s Faced by Robotics

 Second dilemma:

 It is just right for the robots to be given their own set of rights
should they develop the ability to feel different kinds of emotion.

 Should that time come, they ought to be treated differently and

they ought to have new laws to follow in order to accommodate
the new characteristic they have developed
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