ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC
AND PROFESSIONAL
PURPOSES:
LESSON 2:
ACADEMIC TEXT
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING
COMPETENCY (MELC)
• Differentiate the language used in
academic texts from various disciplines
(CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-Ia-c-2).
Text Structure
Text structure refers to how the
information within a written text is
organized.
Text Structure
It helps you understand that a
text might present a main idea and
details; a cause and then its effects;
and/or different views of a topic
Text Structure
It helps you in identifying and
analyzing text structures to navigate
the various structures presented
within nonfiction and fiction texts.
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURE
• Descriptive
• Cause and Effect
• Comparison and Contrast
• Order/Sequence
• Problem and Solution
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURE:
DESCRIPTIVE
• It features a detailed description of
something to give the reader a
mental picture.
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURE:
DESCRIPTIVE
• SIGNAL WORD: characteristic are,
to illustrate, also, one example, in
addition
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURE:
DESCRIPTIVE
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURE:
CAUSE AND EFFECT
• It presents the causal relationship
between a specific event, idea, or
concept and the events, ideas, or
concept that follow.
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURE:
CAUSE AND EFFECT
• SIGNAL WORD:as a result of,
because of, thus, for theses reasons
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURE:
CAUSE AND EFFECT
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURE:
COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
• It examines the similarities and
differences between two or more
people, events, concepts, ideas, etc.
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURE:
COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
• SIGNAL WORD: like, in contrast,
similar to, while, as opposed to,
whereas
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURE:
CONTRAST AND COMPARISON
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURE:
ORDER/SEQUENCE
• It gives readers a chronological of
events or a list of steps in a
procedure.
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURE:
ORDER/SEQUENCE
• SIGNAL WORD: first, second, last,
next, then, before, another
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURE:
ORDER/SEQUENCE
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURE:
PROBLEM AND SOLUTION
• It sets up a problem or problems,
explains the solution, and then
discusses the effects of the solution
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURE:
PROBLEM AND SOLUTION
• SIGNAL WORD: the problem is, the
solution is, the difficulty is
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURE:
PROBLEM AND SOLUTION
