Logical Functions in Excel
AND, OR, NOT, Nested IF, IFS
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Introduction to Logical Functions
• - Logical functions make decisions based on conditions.
- Return TRUE or FALSE.
- Common functions: AND, OR, NOT, IF, IFS.
AND Function
• - Purpose: Checks if all conditions are TRUE.
- Syntax: =AND(logical1, [logical2], ...)
- Example: =AND(A1 > 10, B1 < 5) returns TRUE if A1 > 10 and B1 < 5.
- Daily Use: Combine conditions like checking if a task is both 'Completed' and
'Approved'.
OR Function
• - Purpose: Checks if any condition is TRUE.
- Syntax: =OR(logical1, [logical2], ...)
- Example: =OR(A1 > 10, B1 < 5) returns TRUE if A1 > 10 or B1 < 5.
- Daily Use: Check if a date falls on a weekend or holiday.
NOT Function
• - Purpose: Reverses the logical value.
- Syntax: =NOT(logical)
- Example: =NOT(A1 > 10) returns TRUE if A1 is not greater than 10.
- Daily Use: Exclude specific items, e.g., NOT marking 'Completed' tasks as
'Pending'.
IF Function
• - Purpose: Returns a value based on a condition.
- Syntax: =IF(logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false)
- Example: =IF(A1 > 10, 'Yes', 'No') returns 'Yes' if A1 > 10, otherwise 'No'.
- Daily Use: Apply discounts if purchase amount exceeds a threshold.
Nested IF
• - Purpose: Handles multiple conditions.
- Syntax: =IF(cond1, value1, IF(cond2, value2, value3))
- Example: =IF(A1 > 10, 'Greater', IF(A1 = 10, 'Equal', 'Lesser'))
- Daily Use: Grade assignments with multiple score ranges.
IFS Function
• - Purpose: Simplifies multiple conditions.
- Syntax: =IFS(cond1, value1, cond2, value2, ...)
- Example: =IFS(A1 > 10, 'Greater', A1 = 10, 'Equal', A1 < 10, 'Lesser')
- Daily Use: Evaluate performance based on multiple criteria.
Visual Examples
• - Show graphs or tables using these functions.
- E.g., Task completion dashboard, Sales target evaluation.
Conclusion
• - Logical functions simplify complex decision-making.
- Useful in various scenarios: business, personal tasks, data analysis.
- Enhance productivity and accuracy in Excel.
