FP FOR 2 YEAR REGULAR
ND
STUDENTS
PART ONE
BY BEZABIH T(MSC IN CM)
Learning objectives
At the end of this session, the students will be able
to:
Define Family Planning (FP)
Describe the rationale for FP
Discuss benefits of FP
Discuss the Challenges of FP programs
List elements of successful FP programs
Brain Storming!
• Family??
• Planning??
• Family planning??
Family planning definitions
According to WHO (1971) ,
• A way of thinking and living that is
Adopted voluntarily upon the basis of knowledge,
attitudes and responsible decisions by individuals and
couples,
in order to promote the health and welfare of the
family group and thus contribute effectively to the
social development of a country.
CONT…
• Having the number of children they want…
• When they want them.
• It is not to control births, but to plan
pregnancies
• It is more than that of birth control
Contraception : Prevention of conception
Concepts in the definition
1) Earlier Concept – Birth Control
The voluntary limiting of human reproduction
using such means as
sexual abstinence,
contraception,
induced abortion, and surgical sterilization.
It includes the spacing as well as the number of
children in a family.
2) Modern Concept- Family Welfare
Comprehensive and basically related to quality of life
Prevent unwanted pregnancy and have when needed.
Deciding on number of children one wants to have.
Deciding the interval between consecutive births.
Plan to give birth when they want them.
Matching the number of children with their economic
capacity.
fp…
• The couples Family Plan is achieved through
1. use of contraceptive methods and
2. the treatment of infertility
• Is one of the most important Public health
intervention areas
Why we want to deal about FP?
• Every day around the world thousands of
women become:
Mothers
Supporters and
Care givers
Cont.…
• Every day >800 women die from preventable
causes related to pregnancy and child birth like;
–Unsafe abortion
–Infection/sepsis
–Hemorrhage
–Pre eclampsia & eclampsia
Cont.…
• In the globe, living million of families mother
less because of pregnancy and childbirth
related deaths
Cont…
• In the planet, >222 million women who wish
to plan for pregnancy, but they are unable to
control the timing and spacing for their
pregnancy.
Cont..
• Newborns die.
• Mothers die.
• Families become motherless.
• Population bombs
!Sound is hopeless, doesn‘t it?
Objectives of family planning
• Limit family size
• Adequately space children
• Reduce maternal and child morbidity and
mortality
• Reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infection
• Help infertile couples to bear children
Principles of Family Planning
• Individuals should decide freely the number
and spacing of their children.
• Individuals/couples have the right to
information and means to exercise their
choice.
• Women and men should have access to the
widest possible range of safe and effective FP.
• FP program should cater for all people who
may be sexually active.
• Improving the quality of care in FP
Rationales of FP programs
There are three basic rationales:
1. Demographic rationales,
2. Health rationales and
3. Human right rationales
1st . Demographic rationales
• main concern during the late 1960s & 70s
• Concern of high fertility rates and rapid
population growth.
• Helps to Improve living standards, hence,
– Less impact on economic productivity,
– investment,
– natural resources and the environment
2 . Health Rationale
nd
• Family planning is one of the four pillars of
the Safe Motherhood Initiative to reduce
maternal death in developing countries
• Emphasized in 1980s
Cont..
• Avert maternal death by 2/3.
• Reduce newborn death by ½.
unintended pregnancy by 2/3.
Health rationale…
• High rates of maternal, infant and child
mortality required attention
1. Avoiding the extremes of maternal age
(<15, >35 years)
Older=Malpresentations, uterine rupture,
hemorrhage, abnormal placenta
Young=Pregnancy induced hypertension,
obstructed labor…
Health rationale…
2. Decreasing risk by decreasing parity:-
If all women had five births or fewer, the number of
maternal deaths could drop by 26 % worldwide
3. Preventing high risk pregnancies (previous
complications, chronic diseases, anemia…) reduce
maternal deaths by quarter
4. Reduce abortion risks “every child a wanted child”
5. Non contraceptive benefits (Protection against
STIs
and reproductive tract cancers)
3 . Human rights rationale
rd
• The most recent, 1990s
• Recognition to women‘s rights, principally
reproductive rights, and the reproductive health
of women and men.
• This rests on the belief that individuals and
couples have a right to control reproductive
decisions including family size and timing of
birth.
Advantages of Family Planning
• For women
– Avoid unwanted and high risk px
– Reduce morbidity and mortality
• Children
– Avoid morbidity and mortality
– Better feeding, Care, Clothing, Schooling
• Family
– Improves family well-being
– Better food, clothing, housing, living
• Nations
– Reduces youth dependency ratio
– Conservation of Natural resources
--Better Economic development
• World/Earth
– Low demands on natural resources
Range of Services to be offered In FP
Services
• Counseling
• Provision of FP methods (contraceptives)
• Screening for reproductive organ cancers
• Prevention, screening and management for
STIs including HIV
• Prevention and management of infertility
FP services delivery modalities
• Community based services
• Facility based services
• Social marketing services
• Outreach services
• Work place based services
• School based services
Elements of successful FP programs
1) Supportive Policies
2) Evidence-Based Programming
3) Strong Leadership and Good Management
4) Effective Communication Strategies
5) Contraceptive Security
6) High-Performing Staff
7) Client-Centered Care
8) Easy Access to Services
9) Affordable Services
10) Appropriate Integration of Services
Barriers to wider use of fertility regulation
The 4 main barriers to FP services are:
1. Potential users perception, concern, & fears
2. Poor quality of FP services,
3. Male dominance & opposition to some
contraceptive methods
4. Traditional and cultural taboos
Who is actually involved in FP
• FP is an issue for women, men and families
Family planning Service Eligibility
• Any reproductive age person, male or female
regardless of marital status is eligible for Family
Planning services including
– information, education,
– counseling and
– provision of contraceptives
Who will decide for FP service users?
• FP service is always Voluntary,
• Which means women and men chooses a FP
method based on their need or interest!
Group assignment
1. Trends of contraceptive use in Ethiopia
2. Historical developments of FP
3. A WHO Expert committee (1970) stated
modern family planning concepts
