Plants and their
reproduction
PROKARYOTES KINGDOM
Topics:
1.1 What are prokaryotes
1.2 Characteristics
1.3 Examples of Prokaryotes
a Cyanobacteria
b Mycoplasma
c Streptococcus
1.4 Similarities with other kingdoms
1.5 Differences with other kingdoms
1.1 What are
Prokaryotes?
Prokaryotes is a kingdom of
microscopic organisms belonging to
the domains Bacteria and Archaea.
Prokaryotes are single-celled or
unicellular micro-organisms known
to be the earliest on earth. They can
.be parasites as well
1.2 Characteristics of Prokaryotes
• Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms.
• They have a cell wall which mainly made up of carbohydrates and amino
acids.
• Some organelles such as mitochondria, chloroplasts and lysosomes are
absent in it and they also lack nucleus.
• The genetic material (part of cell that stores the genetic information) of
prokaryotes is DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid which is arranged in the
irregular shaped region known as nucleoid.
• Prokaryotes have very small cells. Their typical cell range from 0.2 – 2 μm.
• The cell wall of a prokaryote acts as an extra layer of protection, helps
maintain cell shape and prevents dehydration.
1.4 Similarities with other
kingdoms:
• Plant kingdom:
Plants and prokaryotes have cell wall in them.
They both have DNA as genetic material.
They both reproduce sexually.
• Animal kingdom:
They both have cells that contain cytoplasm.
They both have cell membrane.
Their cells don’t contain chloroplast.
1.4 Similarities with other kingdoms:
• Fungi Kingdom:
Fungi and prokaryotes have cell membrane.
They both have cell walls and are microscopic organisms.
The genetic material of both of them is DNA.
They both digest organic carbon to produce the energy they require.
• Protoctists kingdom:
Protoctists and prokaryotes are unicellular organisms, this means that they are
microscopic and cannot be seen with the naked eyes.
They both have cell membrane which are made up of a chemical called
phospholipids.
1.5 Differences between the
kingdoms
Prokaryotes kingdom Animal Kingdom
• Prokaryotes are unicellular. • Animals are multicellular.
• They lack nucleus. • They do have nucleus.
• Mitochondria is absent in • Mitochondria is present in
prokaryotes. animals.
1.5 Differences between the
kingdoms
Prokaryotes kingdom Plants Kingdom
• Prokaryotes are unicellular. • Plants are mostly multicellular.
• They lack nucleus • They have nucleus.
• They depend on other organisms • They make their own food.
because they can’t make their
own food.
• Their typical cell size is 0.1 to 0.5 • Their typical cell size is 10 to 100
µm. µm.
1.5 Differences between the
kingdoms
Prokaryotes kingdom Fungi Kingdom
• Prokaryotes are unicellular. • Fungi are multicellular.
• They lack nucleus • They have nucleus.
• They need a host to grow. • They grow on their own.
• They obtain energy from fats, • They obtain energy from the
sugar and proteins. pre-existing sources present in
• They depend on other organisms the environment.
for both energy and carbon. • They live on dead organisms.
1.5 Differences between the
kingdoms
Prokaryotes kingdom Protoctists Kingdom
• Prokaryotes lack nucleus • Protoctists possess a well-
defined nucleus.
• Their genetic material is present • Their genetic material is present
in nucleoid. in the nucleus.
• They are found everywhere. • They are primarily aquatic.
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