Chapter 3:

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Chala B. (MTech) CSE

College of Computing
Madda Walabu University
  What is AI?
 History of AI
 Levels of AI
CONTENTS  Influencers of AI
 Application of AI
 AI tools and platforms
 Sample AI applications
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 3.1. WHAT IS AI?
Definition of Artificial intelligence (AI):
o Artificial defines "man-made," and intelligence defines
"thinking power", or
o “the ability to learn and solve problems” hence Artificial
Intelligence means "a man-made thinking power."
o So, we can define Artificial Intelligence (AI) as the branch of
computer science by which we can create intelligent
machines which can behave like a human, think like
humans, and able to make decisions. 3
 CONT…
 Artificial Intelligence exists when a machine can have human-
based skills such as
 learning,
 reasoning, and
 solving problems
 With Artificial Intelligence you do not need to preprogram a
machine to do some work, despite that you can create a
machine with programmed algorithms which can work with
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own intelligence.
 CONT…

Intelligence is composed  ….
of:

➢ Reasoning

➢ Learning

➢ Problem Solving

➢ Perception

➢Linguistic Intelligence

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the ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through
Perception: the senses.
 CONT…
 An AI system is composed of an agent and its
environment.
 An agent (e.g., human or robot) is anything that can
perceive its environment through sensors and acts upon
that environment through effectors.
 High-profile examples of AI include:
 Autonomous vehicles (such as drones and self-driving
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cars)
 Medical diagnosis,
 CONT..
 Creating art (such as poetry),

 Proving mathematical theorems,

 Playing games(such as Chess or Go),

 Search engines (such as Google search),

 Online assistants (such as Siri),

 Image recognition in photographs,

 Spam filtering,
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 Prediction of judicial decisions and targeting online
 CONT…

AI , ML and DL

 Machine learning, a fundamental

concept of AI research since the field’s
inception is the study of computer
algorithms that improve automatically
through experience.

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 CONT…
 The term machine learning was introduced by Arthur
Samuel in 1959.
 Neural networks are biologically inspired networks that
extract features from the data in a hierarchical fashion.
 The field of neural networks with several hidden
layers is called deep learning.

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 1. To create expert systems that exhibit intelligent
behavior with the capability to learn,
3.1.1. Need for demonstrate, explain and advice its users.
AI? 2. Helping machines find solutions to complex
problems like humans do and applying them as
Why we need AI?
algorithms in a computer-friendly manner.

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1. Replicate human intelligence

2. Solve Knowledge-intensive tasks

3. An intelligent connection of perception and action

4. Building a machine which can perform tasks that requires

3.1.
human intelligence such as:

2. Creating some system which can exhibit intelligent

Goa
behavior,

ls Learn
of new things by itself,
AIDemonstrate, 11

Explain, and
 3.1.3. What comprises to AI?
To achieve the above factors for a machine or software Artificial
Intelligence requires the following disciplines

AI is multi disciplinary
 Mathematics
 Biology
 Psychology
 Sociology
 Computer Science
 Neurons Study
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 Statistics
 ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF AI
3.14.Advantage 3.1.5.Disadvantage

 High Accuracy with fewer  High cost

errors  Can’t think out of the box
 High-Speed  No feeling and emotions
 High reliability
 Increase dependence on
 Useful for risky areas
machines
 Digital Assistant
 No original creativity 13
 Useful as a public utility
3.2. HISTORY OF AI

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 3.3. LEVELS OF AI
What
 do you think the stages of AI passed to get at the current stages of its development?

Stage 1 – Rule-Based Systems

Stage 2 – Context Awareness and Retention

Stage 3 – Domain-Specific Expertise

Stage 4 – Reasoning Machines

Stage 5 – Self Aware Systems / Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)

Stage 6 – Artificial Superintelligence (ASI)

Stage 7 – Singularity and Transcendence

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FIG 3.4: THE SEVEN LAYERS OF AI

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 TYPES OF AI

Activity 3.10
➢ Since AI is making a machine intelligent, based on the
strength of intelligence and functionality, list down some
types or classification of AI?

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 TYPES OF AI
B. Based on
A. Based on Capabilities
Functionality
1. Weak AI & Narrow AI
 a type of AI which is able to perform a
1. Reactive machines
dedicated task with intelligence, cannot
perform beyond its field or limitations
2. General AI 2. Limited memory
 General AI is a type of intelligence that
could perform any intellectual task with
efficiency like a human. 3. Theory of mind
3. Super AI
 Systems at which machines could surpass
4. Self awareness
human intelligence, and can perform any
task better than a human with cognitive
properties
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 B. TYPES OF AI BASED ON FUNCTIONALITY
• Reactive machines
Such AI systems do not store memories or past experiences for future actions.
• Limited memory: Limited memory machines can store past experiences
or some data for a short period of time.
• Theory of mind
Theory of Mind AI should understand human emotions, people, beliefs, and be
able to interact socially like humans.
• Self awareness
Self-awareness AI is the future of Artificial Intelligence. These machines will be
super intelligent and will have their own consciousness, sentiments, and self-
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awareness.
 3.4.1. HOW HUMANS THINK?

Activity 3. 11
From the previous discussion, General AI is intelligence that
could perform any intellectual task with efficiency like a
human. So, to achieve this intelligence level, do you think
that future intelligence must mimic the way humans think? If
your answer is yes, why?

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 CONT..

How does a human being think?

Intelligence or the cognitive process is composed of

three main stages:

A. Observe and input the information or data in the brain.

B. Interpret and evaluate the input that is received from the

surrounding environment.

C. Make decisions as a reaction towards what you received as

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input and interpreted and evaluated.
MAPPING HUMAN THINKING TO ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE COMPONENTS

Activity 3.12
Is it possible to map the way of human thinking to
artificial intelligence components? If your answer is
yes, why?

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  Big data: Structured data versus
unstructured data
 Advancements in computer
3.5. Influencers of
processing speed and new chip
Artificial
Intelligence architectures
 Cloud computing and APIs
 The emergence of data science

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 3.6 APPLICATION OF AI

1. AI in agriculture
2. AI in Healthcare
3. AI in education
4. AI in Finance and E-commerce
5. AI in Gaming
6. AI in Data Security
7. AI in Social Media
8. AI in Travel &Transport
9. AI in the Automotive Industry
10. AI in Robotics 24
11. AI in Entertainment
 3.7. AI TOOLS

1. Search and optimization

What is the tool? 2. Logic

Do you think AI requires 3. Probabilistic methods for uncertain

some tools? If your reasoning
answer is yes, why? 4. Classifiers and statistical learning methods
List down some AI tools? 5. Neural networks

6. Control theory

7. Languages 25
TOP 8 AI TOOLS, LIBRARIES, AND
PLATFORMS
 Azure Machine Learning. If you don't have advanced
programming skills but are looking to get into machine
learning, you should check out Azure Machine Learning. ...
 Caffe. Developed by Yangqin Jia, Caffe was created as part of

Jia's Ph. ...

 CNTK. ...

 Deeplearning4j. ...

 IBM Watson. ...

 Keras. ...

 Pybrain. ...

 Scikit-Learn.
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 3.8.SAMPLE AI APPLICATIONS
 Google’s AI-Powered Predictions
 Ridesharing Apps Like Uber and Lyft

 Commercial Flights Use an AI Autopilot

 Spam Filters
 Computing
 Smart Email Categorization

 Email Facebook
Instagram
Snapchat
 Social networking
pinterest
Search
 Online shopping Recommendation
Voice to text
 Mobile use Smart personal assistant
Microsoft assistant
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