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Problem Solving

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Ateeq Zaman
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156 views35 pages

Problem Solving

Uploaded by

Ateeq Zaman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Welcome To

Staff Development Training


Center
STAFF DEVELOPMENT TRAINING CENTER

Course
Problem Solving
STAFF DEVELOPMENT TRAINING CENTER

Course Outline :
 Problem Solving
 Module 1 : Course Outline
 Module 2 : Introduction to problem solving
 Module 3: Models for problem solving
 Module 4: Problem Solving Cycle
 Module 5: Barriers to problem solving
 Module 6: strategies for investigating problems
 Module 7: Improving Decision Making Skills
 Module 8: Applying Critical thinking to everyday
problems
STAFF DEVELOPMENT TRAINING CENTER

Module 1
Course Overview
Course Overview
Problem-Solving Skills Overview

 Defines a problem, determines its cause, and


implements the best solution.

 Skills include swift problem recognition and


solution execution.

 Essential for job applicants due to self-reliance.

 Training provides necessary skills and knowledge


for problem-solving proficiency.
STAFF DEVELOPMENT TRAINING CENTER

Module 2
introduction to
problem solving
introduction to problem solving

Characteristics of Difficulty
Problems

 Complexity: Large number of items,


interrelations, decisions.
 Enumerability: Enables understanding of
complex relationships.
 Heterogeneity: Connectivity in hierarchies,
communication, and allocation.
 Dynamics: Time considerations.
 In transparency: Lack of clarity.
 Polytely: Multiple goals.
introduction to problem solving

Barriers to problem solving

Common Processes and Factors

 Mental set: Tendency to solve problems based on


past experiences.

 Functional fixedness: Preference for similar


problem-solving methods.

 Unnecessary constraints: Insufficient information.

Unnecessary
Constraints
introduction to problem solving

Problem Solving
Process:

 Define problem.
 Clarify problem.
 Define goals.
 Identify root cause.
 Develop action plan.
 Execute plan.
 Evaluate results.
 Continuously improve.
STAFF DEVELOPMENT TRAINING CENTER

Module 3
Models for problem
solving
Models for problem solving

Deming Cycle Overview

 Management methodology for continuous


process improvement.

 Based on four stages: plan, do, check, act.

 Adapts to market changes, boosts


efficiency, and meets customer needs.
Models for problem solving

Hurson's Productive-Thinking Model

 Encourages creativity for effective solutions.

 Provides structure beyond free idea flow.

 Involves defining questions at the start.


Models for problem solving

Fishbone Diagram Categories


Overview

 Manpower: Various categories.


 Materials: Various methods.
 Methods: Various machines.
 Machines: Various tools.
 Measurement: Various methods.
 Environment: Various factors.
Models for problem solving

TRIZ is a system of creative problem


solving, commonly used in engineering
and process management. It follows four
basic steps:
 Defines specific problem.

 Finds TRIZ generalized problem matching it.

 Finds generalized solution.

 Adapts generalized solution to specific problem.


STAFF DEVELOPMENT TRAINING CENTER

Module 4
Problem Solving
Cycle
Problem Solving Cycle

Problem Identification Overview

 Identifying root cause.


 Developing detailed problem statement.

Step 1: Identifying Problem

• Size up situation for full picture.

• Analyze current situation to determine


happenings and non-occurrences.
Problem Solving Cycle

Exploring Strategies:

 Understanding Challenge

 Assessing Available Info

 Classifying Inputs

 Constructing Test Cases

 Committing to a Strategy
Problem Solving Cycle
SMART Goals for Problem Solving:

 Define problem.

 Analyze root cause.

 Collaborate willingly.

 Evaluate alternatives.

 Implement action plan.

 Ask right questions.

 Be flexible.

 Brainstorm solutions.
Problem Solving Cycle

Problem solving
solution
 Look at alternatives

 Select a possible solution

 Implement a possible solution

 Evaluate the result


STAFF DEVELOPMENT TRAINING CENTER

Module 5
Barriers to Problem Solving
Barriers to Problem Solving
Decision Making Challenges

 Lack of clarity.

 Time constraints.

 Insufficient reliable data.


 Insufficient risk-taking.

 Overly many options.

 Insufficient support.
 Limited resources.

 Inability to adapt.
Barriers to Problem Solving

 Diagnosing is the process


of identifying the cause of
a problem.

 Troubleshooting is the
process of finding a
solution to a problem.

 Both processes are


important in ensuring that
computer problems are
resolved effectively.
Barriers to Problem Solving

Performance Strategies
Overview

 Motivates, measures, and develops


employee performance.

 Outlines expectations, creates goals,


offers feedback.

 Evaluates results and establishes


developmental opportunities.
STAFF DEVELOPMENT TRAINING CENTER

Module 6
Strategies for investigating
problems
Strategies for investigating
problems

Psychological Strategies

 Enhancing concentration/attention
skills.

 Mental rehearsal/visualization/imagery.

 Relaxation techniques.

 Goal setting.
Strategies for investigating
problems
Why is it important to know the types of arguments?
Argument Reasons:

 Solving problems or making judgments.

 Defending or explaining actions or stances.

 Communicating personal or group perspectives.

Types of arguments

 Causal argument
 Rebuttal argument
 Proposal argument
 Evaluation argument
 Narrative argument
 Toulmin argument
 Rogerian argument
STAFF DEVELOPMENT TRAINING CENTER

Module 7
improving decisions making
skills
improving decisions making
skills
What is decision making?
Decision making is the process of making choices by
identifying a decision, gathering information, and
assessing alternative resolutions

Decision Making Process

 Identifying decision.

 Gathering information.

 Assessing alternatives.

 Step-by-step process for deliberate,


thoughtful decisions.
improving decisions making
skills
Types of Decision-Making

 Tactics and Strategic Decisions

 Programmed and Non-programmed Decisions

 Basic and Routine Decisions

 Organizational and Personal Decisions

 Off-the-Cuff and Planned Decisions

 Policy and Operating Decisions

 Policy, Administrative, and Executive Decisions.


improving decisions making
skills

Decision Types Overview

 Individual decisions: Made by a single person.

 Group decisions: Made by more than two people.

 Decisions are based on participation in the


process.
improving decisions making
skills

Decision-Making
Process
 Define, identify, assess.

 Consider, implement, evaluate.

 Collaborative thinking essential.


improving decisions making
skills

Improving Decision-
Making Skills

 Create a plan for upcoming decisions.


 Be assertive and take control of the
decision-making process.
 Seek expert advice.
 Keep the decision in perspective.
 Set deadlines.
 Limit choices.
 Weigh options.
 Exercise regularly.
STAFF DEVELOPMENT TRAINING CENTER

Module 8
Applying critical thinking to
everyday problems
Applying critical thinking to
everyday problems

Applying critical thinking to


everyday problems

 Make the best use of mind


 Tackle one thing at a time
 Step by step approach
 Record your progress
 Modify your habits
 Reasonable/practicable
STAFF DEVELOPMENT TRAINING CENTER

Thank
You

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