Introduction to Data Analytics

Created by: Sir Manuel DC Miranda Jr, MBA

About the Teacher
Mathematics Teacher
 San Beda College – Rizal and Manila
 March 2003 – May, 2010

Resource Speaker
 Road Trip Seminars: Moving Forward with Backward Design: A Deeper Look at Understanding by Design
 Rex Book Store Inc.
 Academic Year 2009 – 2011

Lecturer
 College of Education
 University of Santo Tomas
 November, 2010 – March, 2012

Lecturer
 Entrepreneur’s School of Asia
 June, 2010 – September, 2012
Head of Mathematics Department
 American International School of Kurdistan
 Academic Year 2012 - 2013

Accounting and Finance Manager

 Zagrosjet Airline Co. Ltd., Erbil
 June 2013 — Feb 2021

Accounting and Finance in Charge

 Iraqi Emirates Land Company, Erbil
 Jan 2019 — Feb 2021

Subject Teacher
 Tarlac Agricultural University
 College of Education – Laboratory School
 September 2021 – present
 Master of Business Administration
 San Beda University, Manila
 JUNE 2007 — APRIL 2010
 Specialization: Financial Management, Business Research and Statistics, Operations
Research, Production Management, Marketing Management and
Human Resource Management.

 Bachelor of Science in Mathematics

 Philippine Normal University, Manila
 JUNE 1999 — MARCH 2003
 Specialization: Mathematics and Professional Education Training.
 Learning Objectives

 Define key concepts involved in data analytics including data, data analysis, and data
ecosystem
 Discuss the use of data in everyday life decisions
 Identify the key features of the learning environment and their uses
 Describe principles and practices that will help to increase one's chances of success in this
certificate
 Explain the use of data in organizational decision-making
 Describe the key concepts to be discussed in the program, including learning outcomes
What is Data Analytics?
Definition of Data Analytics

Data analytics is the process of examining large and

varied data sets to uncover hidden patterns,
correlations, and other insights.

Role in Decision Making

Data analytics plays a key role in driving informed

decision-making by providing valuable insights into
various aspects of business operations.

Predictive and Prescriptive Analytics

Data analytics encompasses both predictive analytics to forecast future

trends and prescriptive analytics to provide recommendations for action.
Importance of Data Analytics

Better Decision Making Enhanced Operational Efficiency Competitive Edge

Data analytics enables organizations to By analyzing data, businesses can Embracing data analytics gives
make data-driven decisions, leading to identify inefficiencies and streamline businesses a competitive edge by
improved outcomes and strategic processes, ultimately improving understanding market trends and
advantages. operational efficiency. customer needs in real time.
 Data Analytics Process

Data Analysis and

Data Collection Data Cleaning and Preparation
Interpretation

The process begins with gathering data Data is then cleaned and prepared, This involves applying statistical and
from various sources, including ensuring accuracy and reliability for machine learning techniques to extract
databases, APIs, and IoT devices. analysis and interpretation. insights and patterns from the data.
Types of Data Analytics

Descriptive Analytics

Descriptive analytics focuses on summarizing historical data

to understand what has happened in the past.

Predictive Analytics

Predictive analytics forecasts future outcomes by analyzing

trends and patterns in the data.

Prescriptive Analytics

Prescriptive analytics provides recommendations for decision-

making based on the insights gained from data analysis.
Tools and Technologies

Data Visualization Tools Machine Learning Algorithms

Machine learning algorithms, such as regression and

Tools like Tableau and Power BI are used to create
clustering, are employed to derive insights from complex
interactive and visually appealing representations of data.
data sets.

Big Data Platforms

Platforms like Hadoop and Spark are utilized to process

and analyze large volumes of structured and unstructured
data.
Data Collection and Preparation
Data Sourcing

Data can be sourced from internal sources, such as

operational systems, and external sources, like social
media and market databases.

Data Cleaning

This involves identifying and correcting errors in the

data, ensuring its accuracy and consistency for
analysis.

Data Integration and Storage

Integrated data is stored in data warehouses or data lakes, ready for

analysis and reporting.
Data Analysis Techniques

Statistical Analysis Data Mining Pattern Recognition

Data mining techniques, such as

Statistical methods are applied to Pattern recognition algorithms identify
clustering and association, are used to
interpret patterns, relationships, and meaningful patterns in the data, aiding in
discover valuable information from
trends within the data. decision-making and prediction.
large datasets.
 Data Visualization

Interactive Dashboards Infographic Design Geospatial Visualization

Interactive dashboards allow users to

Infographics visually present complex Geospatial visualization tools represent
explore and interact with the data,
data and trends, making it easier to data on maps, enabling the geographical
gaining insights through dynamic
comprehend and communicate insights. analysis of trends and patterns.
visualizations.
Challenges in Data Analytics

Data Quality and Integrity

Maintaining data quality and integrity poses challenges, as

incomplete or inaccurate data can lead to flawed analysis.

Privacy and Security Concerns

Protecting sensitive data and ensuring compliance with privacy

regulations are critical challenges in data analytics.

Skill and Talent Shortage

The shortage of skilled data analysts and data scientists

presents a significant hurdle for organizations implementing data
analytics.
Case Studies

Retail Industry Analysis Healthcare Data Insights

Using data analytics, a retail company improved inventory

Healthcare organizations have utilized analytics to optimize
management and personalized marketing, leading to
resource allocation and improve patient outcomes.
increased sales.

Financial Forecasting

Financial firms have applied data analytics to enhance risk

assessment, detect fraudulent activities, and improve
investment decisions.
Future of Data Analytics
AI and Automation

The future of data analytics will involve increased use

of AI and automation for faster and more accurate
insights.

IoT and Real-Time Analytics

IoT devices will enable real-time data collection,

leading to immediate insights and proactive decision-
making.

Ethical Data Usage

The future will focus on ethical and responsible data usage, considering
the impact on privacy and societal implications.
Ethical Considerations

Data Privacy Regulations Biases in Data Analysis Transparent Data Usage

Ethical considerations include Transparent communication about data

Organizations must comply with data
identifying and mitigating biases in data usage and ensuring consent are
privacy laws and regulations to protect
analysis to prevent discriminatory essential ethical practices in data
the rights and privacy of individuals.
outcomes. analytics.
 Career Opportunities

Data Analyst Data Scientist Machine Learning Engineer

Data scientists apply advanced

Professionals in this role analyze data to Engineers in this field build and maintain
techniques to glean insights and
provide insights, trends, and meaningful machine learning systems to extract
develop predictive models from
interpretations for decision-making. insights and optimize processes.
complex datasets.
Conclusion

Empowering Decision Making Continuous Evolution

Data analytics empowers organizations The field of data analytics is continually

to make informed decisions and gain evolving, driven by technological
crucial insights for competitive advancements and the increasing
advantage. volume of data.

Integration for Success

Successfully integrating data analytics into business strategies can lead to enhanced
performance and sustainable growth.
Fundamental Terms and
Concepts in Data Analytics
Data and gut instinct
• Detectives and data analysts have a lot in common. Both
depend on facts and clues to make decisions.
• Both collect and look at the evidence.
• Both talk to people who know part of the story.
• And both might even follow some footprints to see where they
lead.
• Whether you’re a detective or a data analyst, your job is all
about following steps to collect and understand facts.
 Six Phases of Data Analysis
Analysts use data-driven decision-making and follow a step-by-
step process.

Act
Share
Analyze
Process
Prepare
Ask
1. The analysts asked questions to define both the issue to be solved and
what would equal a successful result.
2. Next, they prepared by building a timeline and collecting data with
employee surveys that were designed to be inclusive.
3. They processed the data by cleaning it to make sure it was complete,
correct, relevant, and free of errors and outliers.
4. They analyzed the clean employee survey data.
5. Then the analysts shared their findings and recommendations with team
leaders.
6. Afterward, leadership acted on the results and focused on improving key
areas.
History and
Evolution
The history and evolution of data analytics can be traced through various
stages, driven by technological advancements, changing business needs, and
a growing emphasis on extracting valuable insights from data.
1. Pre-20th Century:
 Data analysis has roots in statistics and mathematics.
 Early methods focused on basic descriptive statistics and graphical
representations.

2. 1940s-1950s:
 The emergence of computers led to the development of early data
processing systems.
 Pioneering work in statistical analysis and mathematical modeling.

3. 1960s-1970s:
 The term "business intelligence" began to be used to describe
technologies for gathering, storing, and analyzing business data.
 Decision Support Systems (DSS) emerged, combining data analysis
with user-friendly interfaces.
4. 1980s-1990s:
 The widespread adoption of relational databases facilitated more structured
data storage.
 Data Warehousing concepts developed, leading to the integration of data
from multiple sources for analysis.
 OLAP (Online Analytical Processing) systems allowed for multidimensional
data analysis.

5. 2000s:
 The rise of the internet and e-commerce generated vast amounts of data,
leading to the need for more sophisticated analytics.
 Business Intelligence (BI) tools became more prevalent, allowing
organizations to explore and visualize their data.
 The concept of Big Data started gaining attention due to the explosion of
data volume.
6. 2010s:
 The era of Big Data analytics: technologies like Apache Hadoop and Spark
emerged to handle massive datasets.
 Increased focus on predictive analytics and machine learning for deeper
insights.
 Cloud computing became a popular platform for scalable and flexible data
analytics solutions.

7. Present (2020s):
 Continued growth of machine learning and artificial intelligence in data
analytics.
 Advanced analytics tools and platforms allow organizations to gain insights
in real-time.
 Increased emphasis on self-service analytics, empowering non-technical
users to perform analyses.
 Evolution of data governance and privacy concerns with the rise of
regulations like GDPR.
8. Future Trends:
 Continued integration of AI and machine learning for
automated and predictive analytics.
 More emphasis on real-time analytics for immediate
decision-making.
 Augmented Analytics: AI-driven tools assisting users in data
preparation, analysis, and interpretation.
 Ethical considerations and responsible AI in data analytics.
 The evolution of data analytics has been marked by a shift
from basic statistical analysis to advanced machine learning
and AI techniques. As technology continues to advance, the
field is likely to see further innovation and adaptation to meet
the evolving needs of businesses and society.
Types of Data in Analytics

Structured Data Unstructured Data Semi-structured Data

Unstructured data, such as text Semi-structured data falls between

Structured data is organized and easily
documents and multimedia files, lacks a structured and unstructured, with some
searchable, often in databases and
predefined data model and is more organization but not to the level of
spreadsheets.
challenging to analyze. structured data.
 Key Data Analytics Concepts

Descriptive Analytics Diagnostic Analytics Predictive Analytics

Diagnostic analytics aims to identify the

Descriptive analytics focuses on Predictive analytics leverages historical
reasons for past events, often using
summarizing historical data to understand and current data to forecast future trends
drill-down and data discovery
past trends and performance. and outcomes, aiding in decision-making.
techniques.
Data Mining Techniques

Association Rule Mining

Association rule mining seeks to identify associations and

patterns in large datasets for market basket analysis and
recommendations.

Clustering

Clustering algorithms analyze data to find similarities and group

them based on characteristics or attributes.

Decision Trees

Decision trees use a tree-like model of decisions and their

possible consequences, aiding in classification and predictive
analysis.
Data Visualization Methods

Charts and Graphs Infographics

Infographics combine visuals and concise information to

Visual representation of data using charts and graphs to
convey complex data in a visually appealing and easy-to-
effectively communicate trends, patterns, and relationships.
understand manner.

Geospatial Visualization

Geospatial visualization maps data to geographical

locations for spatial analysis and insights.
Statistical Analysis in Data
Descriptive Statistics

Descriptive statistics summarize and describe features

of a dataset using measures of central tendency and
dispersion.

Inferential Statistics

Inferential statistics make inferences and predictions

about a population based on a sample from that
population.

Hypothesis Testing

Hypothesis testing evaluates the strength of evidence against a null

hypothesis, aiding in decision making.
Introduction to Machine Learning

Supervised Learning Unsupervised Learning Reinforcement Learning

Unsupervised learning discovers

Supervised learning involves training a Reinforcement learning involves training
patterns in data without explicit labels,
model on labeled data, using input-output an agent to make sequential decisions by
encompassing clustering and
pairs to learn a mapping function. maximizing cumulative rewards.
association tasks.
 Predictive Analytics

Data Modeling Business Applications Evaluating Models

Predictive analytics is widely used in

Data modeling encompasses statistical Evaluating predictive models involves
business for customer behavior
and machine learning techniques to assessing their accuracy, precision, and
prediction, risk assessment, and
predict future trends or outcomes. reliability before deployment.
demand forecasting.
Descriptive Analytics

Performance Metrics

Performance metrics are used to measure and analyze past

performance, guiding business strategies and improvements.

Trend Analysis

Trend analysis involves studying historical data to identify and

understand patterns and changes over time.

Data Summarization

Data summarization tools aid in summarizing and presenting

extensive data sets in a concise and meaningful manner.
Diagnostic Analytics

Identifying Patterns Drill-Down Analysis

Diagnostic analytics uncovers patterns, anomalies, and

Drill-down analysis delves into detailed data to understand
correlations to identify the root causes of specific outcomes
and investigate specific areas or aspects of the business.
or events.

Prescriptive Insights

Diagnostic analytics may offer prescriptive insights and

recommendations for mitigating identified issues or
improving performance.
Big Data and Data Analytics
Characteristics of Big Data

Big data is characterized by volume, velocity, and

variety, posing challenges and opportunities for data
analytics.

Data Analytics Platforms

Specialized platforms and tools are used for big data

analytics, enabling analysis of massive and complex
datasets.

Real-time Data Processing

Data analytics in the context of big data often involves real-time

processing for immediate insights and decision-making.
Challenges in Data Analytics

Data Quality Data Privacy Scalability

As data volumes grow, scalability

Maintaining data quality is a significant Addressing data privacy concerns is
becomes a challenge, requiring robust
challenge in data analytics, impacting the crucial, especially in handling sensitive
infrastructure for efficient analytics
accuracy and reliability of insights. or personal data for analytics purposes.
processing.
 Data Ethics and Privacy

Transparency and
Ethical Considerations Regulatory Compliance
Accountability

Data analytics raises ethical concerns Adhering to data protection laws and
Fostering transparency and accountability
related to data usage, biases, regulations, such as GDPR and CCPA,
in data analytics processes is critical for
transparency, and the potential impact on is essential for ethical and legal data
building trust and mitigating ethical risks.
individuals and society. analytics practices.
Conclusion

Key Takeaways Continuous Evolution

Data analytics empowers decision- The field of data analytics continues to

making through insights derived from evolve with advancements in
data, leveraging diverse techniques and technology, driving innovation and new
methods. possibilities.

Ethical Imperative

Ethical considerations in data analytics are crucial for responsible and sustainable
use of data-driven insights.