z
Exploring
Linear Regression
MAT 3 – STATISTICS & PROBABILITY
Math & Physics Department
Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
Learning Objectives
1. Define linear regression.
2. Calculate and interpret the slope and y-intercept of the regression
line.
3. Predict the value of the dependent variable (y) given the value of
the independent variable (x).
4. Use regression analysis in solving problems.
MAT 3 – STATISTICS & PROBABILITY
Math & Physics Department
Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
z
Unlocking terms:
Regress – means the act of passing or how
points are scattered with reference to the
trend line REGRESSION
LINE
Regression line – also called the “trend
line”
- describes the average distance of points
- line closest to the points in the scatter plot
Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
Definition:
z
Linear Regression
- It is a powerful tool in predicting the value of one
variable (dependent) to the given value of another
variable (independent) which are related to each other.
(x – independent; y – dependent)
- Has an equation of a straight line:
y = a + bx
- To determine the trend of two related variables whether
rising or falling.
Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
FORMULA: y = a + bx equation of the line
z
*y-intercept: y = a
a=
* slope of the line
b=
Where:
y = criterion measure (trend line)
x = predictor
a = ordinate or the point where the regression line crosses the y-
axis
Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
How
z to do a regression analysis?
1. If r is significant, then proceed to regression analysis.
2. Find the values of a and b.
a: y-intercept
b: slope of the line
3. Find the regression equation.
- Substitute the values of a and b in the regression line formula.
y = a + bx
4. Predict y (dependent variable)
- if x variable is known
Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
Sample
z
Problem 1:
Data below showing the enrollment of ABC University for the
past 5 years. Assume that there is a significant relationship
between the variables. Then, predict the enrollment on the
academic year 2021.
Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
Complete
z
the table
Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
Find the
z
values of a and b.
*y-intercept: y = a
a=
a = 534.5
* slope of the line
b=
b = 255.5
Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
Find the
z
regression line
a = 534.5
b = 255.5
* Equation of the line:
y = a + bx
y = 534.5 + 255.5x
Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
Predict
z
y (dependent variable)
• Predict y, the number of enrollment
(for Academic year 2021 – 6th year)
y=? if x = 6
y = 534.5 + 255.5x
y = 534.5 + 255.5(6)
y = 2067.5
y ≈ 2068 enrollees
Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
Sample
z
Problem 2:
The sales of company (in million pesos) for each year shown
in the table below. Assume that there is significant
relationship between variables.
a) Find the regression line.
b) Then use the regression equation (in a) as a model to
estimate or predict the sales of the company in 2021.
Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
z
2020
171
a) Find the regression line
Solve for the values of a and b. a=
a = 11; b = 5
b=
Regression equation: y = a + bx
y = 11 + 5x
Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
z
b) Estimate sales in 2021
x=7
y = 11 + 5x
y = 11 + 5(7)
y = 46
Therefore, the estimated sales in 2021 is ₱46 million.
Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
z Summary / Generalization
Go to this URL
https://www.menti.com/
3dp61nisgf
OR
www.menti.com and
use the code 3957
8533
Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
z Summary / Generalization
Everything has a process to follow!
The process is the
most important
part of the
journey.
Appreciate it while
you have it.
*LiveLifeHappy.com
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Synchronous Learning
End Session
MAT 3 – STATISTICS & PROBABILITY
Math & Physics Department
ASYNCHRONOUS LEARNING
Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
z
Try to Answer!
1. Data show the population of the Philippines from 2015 to 2020. Using 2%
α, assume that r is significant. Estimate the population in the year 2021 using
regression analysis.
*Disclaimer: (Figures are only assumptions)
MAT 3 – STATISTICS & PROBABILITY
ASYNCHRONOUS LEARNING
Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
z
2. A certain study found
out that there is a
significant relationship
between the heights
of fathers and their
eldest sons in inches.
Find the regression
line equation to
predict the height of
the son if the
height of the
father is 78 inches.
MAT 3 – STATISTICS & PROBABILITY
ASYNCHRONOUS LEARNING
Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
z
Reminder:
QUIZ # 4
Coverage: Correlation and Regression
WT4: 4Q_Cor and Reg
PT4: 4Q_Cor and Reg
Due: quiz closes May 28 at 6pm
MAT 3 – STATISTICS & PROBABILITY
Thank you
z
and
have a nice day!
MAT 3 – STATISTICS & PROBABILITY Math & Physics Department
z
Sources
https://www.ibm.com/ph-en/topics/linear-regression#:~:text=Linear%20regression%20analysis%20is%20used,is%20
called%20the%20independent%20variable
.
https://www.ibm.com/ph-en/topics/linear-regression#:~:text=Linear%20regression%20analysis%20is%20used,is%20
called%20the%20independent%20variable
.
https://www.statisticssolutions.com/free-resources/directory-of-statistical-analyses/what-is-linear-regression/
https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/simple-linear-regression/
https://statistics.laerd.com/spss-tutorials/linear-regression-using-spss-statistics.php
By hand computation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p_fu7gIikxY
How to Find Liner Regression Equation By Hand?
z
Examples
https://mathsci.kaist.ac.kr/~nipl/cc511/lectures/Chapter12.pdf
https://www.analyzemath.com/statistics/linear_regression.html
https://02402.compute.dtu.dk/enotes/solutions-chapter5.pdf
https://users.stat.ufl.edu/~winner/sta6166/Linear_Regression.pdf
https://www.hunter.cuny.edu/dolciani/pdf_files/statistics/solutions/Li
near%20Regression%20Word%20Problems%20Answer%20Key.p
df
https://www.stat.colostate.edu/inmem/gumina/st201/class10/downlo
ads/Correlation_Regression_Xmp._sol.pdf
