Muscle Structure and Function -
Biomechanics
Prepared by: KARTHIGAYAN.D
TUTOR,FOT.
Objectives
• - Define muscle structure and components.
• - Understand muscle functions in biomechanics.
• - Explore key principles like length-tension, force-velocity
relationships, and muscle roles.
Overview of Muscle Anatomy
• - Skeletal muscle structure: Fascicles, fibers,
myofibrils.
• - Key components:
• - Sarcomere: The functional unit.
• - Actin & Myosin: Role in contraction.
• - Connective tissue layers: Epimysium,
perimysium, endomysium.
Biomechanical Role of Muscles
• - Function as force generators.
• - Stability and movement production.
• - Transmission of forces through tendons.
• - Example: Walking mechanics.
Muscle Fiber Types
• - Type I (Slow-twitch): Endurance, fatigue-resistant.
• - Type IIa & IIb (Fast-twitch): Power, speed, quick fatigue.
• - Implications in biomechanics: Sports and activity
performance.
Length-Tension Relationship
• - Optimal muscle length for force generation.
• - Graphical representation of tension vs. sarcomere length.
• - Clinical example: Joint stiffness vs. muscle flexibility.
Force-Velocity Relationship
• - Speed of contraction vs. force generated.
• - Key takeaway:
• - Faster shortening = Lower force.
• - Slow, controlled movements = Higher force.
• - Examples in biomechanics (e.g., sprinting vs. weightlifting).
Muscle Roles in Movement
• - Agonist: Primary mover.
• - Antagonist: Opposes movement.
• - Synergist: Assists the agonist.
• - Stabilizer: Maintains posture or position.
• - Real-world example: Elbow flexion.
Energy Systems Supporting Muscle Function
• - ATP production pathways:
• - Aerobic respiration.
• - Anaerobic glycolysis.
• - Phosphocreatine system.
• - Importance in biomechanics and fatigue.
Clinical Applications
• - Muscle imbalances and injury prevention.
• - Role in rehabilitation: Strengthening and flexibility training.
• - Examples: Rotator cuff injuries, hamstring strains.
Key Takeaways
• - Muscles are integral to biomechanics, functioning as force
generators and stabilizers.
• - Proper understanding aids in performance optimization and
injury prevention.
References
• - Norkin, C. C., & Levangie, P. K. *Joint Structure and Function:
A Comprehensive Analysis*.
• - Other credible biomechanics sources.
