Chapter Overview

 CD-ROM and DVD Drives

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Advantages of CD-ROM and DVD
Drives
 Large storage capacities
 Portability
 Data cannot be changed
 Sturdiness
 Special capabilities
 Low cost
 High speed

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CD-ROM vs. Hard Disk Drives
 There is no physical contact between
the CD-ROM and the reading device.
 Storage tracks allow more data storage.
 Hard disks are less expensive and
getting larger.
 Optical devices are used for archiving.
 Data is written to a CD-ROM by creating
pits and lands on the CD surface.

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DVD: A Super CD-ROM
Alternative
 DVD-ROM: read only; holds up to 17 GB
of data
 DVD video: 4.7 GB; holds up to 135
minutes of video
 DVD-R: recordable; holds up to 3.95 GB
of data per side
 DVD-RAM/RW: slow gaining acceptance
because of incompatibilities

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Connecting CD-ROM and DVD
Drives
 Adapter boards: Enhanced Integrated
Drive Electronics (EIDE) or Small
Computer System Interface (SCSI)
 Sound cards with CD controller on board
 SCSI host adapter
 EIDE connector

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Audio Capability and Access
Time
 CD-ROM ISO Yellow Book standard
 International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) 9660 standard
 Two important values:
 Data transfer rate
 Mean access time

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Installing CD-ROM and DVD
Drives

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Controller Cards
 Select the controller card before buying
the CD-ROM.
 Use a secondary Integrated Device
Electronics (IDE) controller on the
motherboard.
 Ensure a proper connection.

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Installing an Internal Drive
 Mount an internal drive in a computer with
an open bay for a 5.25-inch disk drive.
 Have the necessary tools and parts on
hand.
 Connect two cables: one flat ribbon cable
for data and one power cable.
 Check the documentation to connect the
DVD drive correctly.
 For SCSI drives, set the correct SCSI ID
and properly terminate the chain.

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Software Setup

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Multimedia
 Multimedia presents graphics, data, sound,
and video in an integrated way.
 The Microsoft Multimedia PC Marketing
Council, now the Multimedia PC Working
Group, generates standards for multimedia
computers.
 The current standard, MPC Level 3 (MPC3),
sets several minimum requirements.
 Video-capture software provides the
interface for importing, exporting, and
editing video formats.
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Limitations of Early Hard Disk
Drives
 The ST-506 interface developed by
Seagate Technologies is now obsolete.
 The IDE/ATA standard is limited to 528
MB and supports hard disk drives only.

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EIDE Improvements
 Supports up to four hard disk drives–two
on each controller
 Provides faster data transfer rates
 Supports CD-ROM, tape, and Zip drives

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The 528-MB Limit

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EIDE–Four Major Upgrades
 Logical block addressing (LBA)
 Programmed Input/Output (PIO) modes
 Industry standard command sets
 Use of IRQ15 and I/O address 170h

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Overcoming the 528-MB Barrier
 Before LBA: capacity = cylinders 
heads  sectors per track
 After LBA: cylinders = capacity / (heads
 sectors per track)

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Other Methods of Overcoming
the 528-MB Barrier
 Enhanced CHS translation
 Fast ATA
 Logical CHS and physical CHS
 Direct memory access (DMA) transfer

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Breaking the 8.4-GB Barrier
 Upgrade the system basic input/output
system (BIOS).
 Install a hard disk drive with interrupt
13h support.
 Use a software program from the drive
maker.

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Ultra DMA
 Ultra DMA/33 can be used on Pentium
motherboards.
 Ultra DMA/66 doubles the speed of Ultra
DMA/33.

19
Installing EIDE Drives

20
Other Drive Settings
 Multiple block reads
 32-bit disk access

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SCSI-1, SCSI-2, and Fast SCSI-2
 SCSI-1 supported up to seven devices
on a chain.
 SCSI-2 could address optical drives,
tape drives, and scanners.
 Fast SCSI-2 doubled the transfer rate
from 5 MB per second to 10 MB per
second.

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SCSI-3
 High performance
 Plug and Play installation
 Simple expansion
 Advanced management tools
 SCAM (SCSI configured auto-magically)
support
 Connect/disconnect command
 Tag command queuing

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SCSI and Ultra DMA/IDE
Comparison

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Noise and SCSI
 Any electrical signal other than data is
noise.
 Noise spread through power cables is
common-mode noise.
 Single-ended devices are vulnerable to
common-mode noise.
 Differential-ended devices reject
common-mode noise.

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Troubleshooting a Device
Conflict
 Load only device drivers for the SCSI
device.
 Use the F8 key.
 Try the /? option with the device driver
executable.
 Look in the device documentation.
 Find the latest drivers.
 If no solution works, choose between the
devices or go to a multiple boot
configuration.
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Costs and Benefits of SCSI
 SCSI costs more than IDE.
 The cost may be justified in certain
high-end environments.

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Setting Up a SCSI Subsystem
1. Install the host adapter.
2. Set the SCSI IDs, termination, and
cabling.
3. Power up one device at a time and
check for problems.
4. Load the operating system, drivers,
and SCSI software.

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Setting SCSI IDs
 The host adapter is typically set to 7.
 There is no mandated order.
 The host adapter manufacturer may
preset the ID.
 The logical unit number (LUN) is used to
support more than one device per ID.

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Termination
 Termination prevents signal reflection.
 Newer SCSI devices use active termination;
older SCSI devices use passive termination.
 Termination is typically built in, but some
devices require manual termination.
 Both ends of the chain must be terminated,
and devices in between must not be
terminated.
 Most new SCSI devices set termination
automatically.

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Chapter Summary
 CD-ROMs provide durable, removable
storage for archiving.
 Newer CD-ROM technology provides
multimedia support.
 DVD is an extension of CD-ROM technology.
 DVD can be used to store multiple formats.
 EIDE and Ultra DMA/IDE drives solve earlier
drive problems.
 SCSI drives offer performance and
reliability benefits.

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