LECTURE
METHOD
definition
“Lecture is a pedagogical method whereby the
teacher formally delivers a carefully planned
expository address on some particular topic or
problem’’.
James and Michel Lee
2. A lecture is an oral presentation intended to present
information or teaches people about a particular
subject
Purposes
(reference from B. sankaranarayanan
To provide structural knowledge:
Providing structural knowledge by integrating
knowledge from different fields or sources. It is
difficult for the students to locate all sources of
knowledge. Through lecture it is easy for the
teacher to provide relevant knowledge by selecting
and organizing the content in a learner centred way.
2. To motivate and guide in hunting
knowledge: As teacher cannot satisfy the
knowledge requirement of students, he has to
explain the various sources of knowledge.
This purpose underlines the importance of giving
references to students after completing a particular
topic. Teachers have to give main reference as well
as general reference
3. To arouse students interest in a subject
By following lecture method, teacher can orient
the students to a subject by explaining the need for
studying it, ways of learning and mode of writing
university examinations etc. once they understand
the need and ways of learning a particular subject,
they will motivated naturally
Introduce students to new area of learner.
Innovation are occurring on a regular basis in the
diagnosis treatment and nursing management of disease
conditions. These innovations have created new learning
areas and lecture method will help teacher to introduce
those area to students. For example, teacher has to give
brief lecture about the evolution of MRI scans, its merits
of it and patient care implications before taking the
students to the radiodiagnosis department for teaching
the functioning of the MRI machine and responsibilities
of nurse posted in the MRI rooms
5.To clarify difficult concepts. Lecture is highly suitable for
clarifying the concepts. Teacher should use enough examples
and illustration to clarify the concepts by citing examples
from the day to day life of nurses or other health care
professionals.
6. To assist in preparing students for a discussion. Before
discussion teacher have to provide a concrete idea regarding
the topic of a discussion.
7.To provide critical thinking. Compare to other method
lectures usually give less emphasis to critical thinking.
Critical thinking can be encouraged through incorporating
challenging question throughout the lecture.
Types of lecture methods
Categorized by levels of student interaction
Formal lecture
Socratic lecture
Semi formal lecture
Lecture discussion
Interactive lecture
Categorized by content
Expository lecture/oral essay
Storytelling lecture
Point by point lecture
Lecture demonstration
Problem solving lecture
Categorized by medium
Naked lecture
Chalk and talk lecture
multimedia lecture
Video lecture
Skills of lecturing
Clarity
Organization
Emphasis
Orientation
Examples
feedback
Strategies of lecture method
Maintain regular eye contact
Avoid mannerism
Avoid turning away from students
Use a microphone in large classes
Speak clearly but use a conversional tone
Convey enthusiasm for the material and the students
Ask the students periodically if they can hear and see
everything
If possible move around the room, and use natural
gestures
Interact with students to create positive rapport with
them
Components of lecture method
Introduction
Body of lecture
Conclusion
Advantages
The teacher is in total control of the classroom.
It saves time to cover a wider topic.
It makes a teacher an active participant.
It provide better opportunity for clarification of
important things
New knowledge may be presented which is not
yet in the text books
The teacher can plan exactly presentation in
advance
Disadvantages
It is teacher centered
Learners becomes passive recipients
It encourages one way communication
Slow learners may miss important points
Encourages learners to depend on the teacher
Lecture do not cater individual student needs
There in no way to know the real reactions of pupil
Place of lecture dose not suit all students
introduction
The word ‘discuss”
has been derived from
the latin root
“discutere” which
means to shake or
strike
DEFINITION
The activity in which people talk about something
and tell each other their ideas or opinion
Cambridge dictionary
PURPOSE
Enhance critical thinking
Better understanding of the concept
Facilitate communication skill
To arouse interset
To reach a solution on an issue of
concern
TYPES OF GD
Topic based
Case study based
Formal group discussion
Informal group discussion
Closed group discussion
Public group discussion
SKILLS NEEDED FOR GD
Subject knowledge
Oral communication skill
Listening skill
Clarity of thought and expression
Apt language
Proper non verbal clues
Team behaviour
Leadership skill
STEPS OF GD
BEFORE DISCUSSION
Identify the objectives
Establish clear guidelines and parameters
Get to know the students
Divide the students into pairs
During discussion
After discussion
Rethink
Revise
evaluate
ADVANTAGES
Student centred method
Develop recalling & retention ability
Develop self esteem
Develop problem solving skill
Critical thinking ability
Self confidence
Team building
Social skills
Proper attitude
Comprehensive knowledge
