Algorithmic Thinking

Logic alone is not enough…

 We need something that can integrate all these
rules and execute actions based on the
outcomes of evaluating them.
 Algorithm:
 a sequence of clearly defined steps that
 describe a process to follow a
 finite set of unambiguous instructions with
 clear start and end points.
 Real-life analogy:
 Following a recipe while cooking
Properties of algorithms

 Collection of individual steps

 Definiteness
 Sequential

 Which do you think is a better algorithm?

(a) Take a left, then take a right, go down the stairs, on
your right enter the kitchen, pick a cup and pour some
hot water and add some hot chocolate….
(b) Please make me a hot chocolate.
Some examples of algorithms
 Making a Cup of Tea Question: Can
• Step 1: Boil water. you achieve the
• Step 2: Place a teabag in a cup. same outcome by
• Step 3: interchanging a
Pour the boiling water into the cup.
few steps?
• Step 4: Let the tea steep for a few minutes.
• Step 5: Remove the teabag.
• Step 6: Add sugar and/or milk if desired.
• Step 7: Stir the tea.
• Step 8: Serve and enjoy.
TRY SOME EXAMPLES ON YOUR
OWN..
 Calculate the area of a circle
 Given the marks of 5 subjects,
calculate the percentage marks of a
student
 Find if a student has passed or failed in
an exam considering passing
percentage as 50
 Find the sum of digits of a three digit
number and display the sum
 SAMPLE SOLUTIONS FOR
ALGORITHMS
 Calculate the area of a circle
1. Input the radius of a circle
2. Calculate area by multiplying pi and radius
squared
3. Print area
 SAMPLE SOLUTIONS FOR
ALGORITHMS
 Given the marks of 5 subjects,
calculate the percentage marks of a
student
1. Input marks of 5 subjects of a student
each out of 50
2. Add the marks
3. Divide marks by 250 and multiply the
result by 100
4. Print the final percentage scored
 SAMPLE SOLUTIONS FOR
ALGORITHMS
 Find if a student has passed or failed in an
exam considering passing percentage as 50
1. Input marks of 5 subjects of a student each
out of 50
2. Add the marks
3. Divide marks by 250 and multiply the result
by 100
4. Check if the percentage calculated is less
than 50
5. If yes, print “Fail”
6. Else Print ”pass”
SAMPLE SOLUTIONS FOR
ALGORITHMS
 Findthe sum of digits of a three digit number and
display the sum
 Input the three-digit number from the user.
 Extract the hundreds digit by performing integer division of the
number by 100.
 Extract the remainder of the number when divided by 100
 Extract the tens digit by Dividing the remainder by 10.
 Extract the units digit by getting the remainder when the number
is divided by 10.
 Add the extracted hundreds, tens, and units digits.
 Display the result
PSEUDOCODE

 Pseudocode is a more formalized, human-readable

description of the steps in an algorithm.
 It uses a structured format, combining natural
language with elements of programming syntax,
to describe how an algorithm should be
implemented.
 It bridges the gap between algorithm and actual
code.
 It resembles programming logic but doesn’t
adhere to the strict syntax of a specific
PSEUDOCODE EXAMPLE

 Calculate the area of a circle

Algorithm
1. START 1. Input the radius of a
circle
2. Input the radius of the circle
2. Calculate area by
3. Set Pi = 3.14159 multiplying pi and radius
4. area = Pi * radius * radius squared
Notation Meaning
5. Display the area of the circle
3. Print area
+ Addition
6. END - Subtraction
* Multiplication
/ Division
% Modulus
(Remainder)
PSEUDOCODE EXAMPLE

 Giventhe marks of 5 subjects, calculate the

percentage marks of a student
1. START
2. Input marks for 5 subjects subject1_marks, subject2_marks,…
3. total_marks = subject1_marks + subject2_marks +
subject3_marks + subject4_marks + subject5_marks
4. max_marks = 250
5. percentage = (total_marks / max_total_marks) * 100
6. Display percentage
7. END
PSEUDOCODE EXAMPLE
 Find
if a student has passed or failed in an exam
considering passing percentage as 50
1. START
2. Input marks for 5 subjects subject1_marks, subject2_marks,…
3. total_marks = subject1_marks + subject2_marks + subject3_marks +
subject4_marks + subject5_marks
4. max_marks = 250
5. percentage = (total_marks / max_total_marks) * 100
6. If percentage >= 50
Print “Pass”
7. Else
Print “Fail”
8. END
PSEUDOCODE EXAMPLE
 Findthe sum of digits of a three digit number and
display the sum
1. START
2. Input a three digit number n
3. D1 = n/100
4. N = n%10
5. D2 = n/10
6. D3 = n%10
7. Sum = D1 + D2 + D3
8. Print Sum
9. END