GYRO COMPASS AND GYROSCOPIC
PRINCIPLE GROUP-3 GACRUX
MEMBERS:
KENT DAVERYLL ONIL
APOLE ROMNICK
DENVER GECO GENEROL
JAMES BALANON DELAPIEZA
JAMES IAN MIJOS
JOHN ARNEL PELIGRO
KIETH FELMAR TARE QUIIO
MARK ARJAY SARCE
WILFRED LOREJO
YVAN SIMBAJON
What is a Gyro Compass?
A gyro compass is a specialized navigational instrument used
primarily on ships and aircraft to determine their true direction
(i.e., true north) accurately. Unlike a magnetic compass, which
relies on the Earth's magnetic field and can be affected by
magnetic anomalies, the gyro compass operates based on the
principles of gyroscopic motion and is not influenced by
magnetic fields.
The key features and functions of a gyro compass?
1. Gyroscopic Principle- At the core of a gyro compass is a rapidly
spinning gyroscope or gyro rotor. This gyroscope follows the
principles of gyroscopic motion, specifically the conservation of
angular momentum, which means it will maintain its orientation in
space unless acted upon by external forces.
2. Gimbal Mounting- The gyro rotor is mounted within a set of
gimbals, which are pivoted supports that allow the rotor to rotate
freely in three dimensions. These gimbals consist of an outer
gimbal and an inner gimbal.
3. Precession- As the vessel changes its heading, the Earth's rotation
causes a torque to be applied to the gyroscopic rotor. This torque
induces precession in the gyro, causing it to rotate around its axis.
The rate and direction of precession are directly related to the
vessel's heading changes.
4. Indicator-The precession of the gyro rotor is measured and
displayed on an indicator, which provides the vessel's true heading.
GYRO COMPASS
GYROCOMPASS CONSTRUCTION
1. Gyroscope- The core of the gyrocompass, consisting of a rapidly spinning wheel or rotor.
2. Gimbal System- A set of gimbals or rotating rings that support the gyroscope and allow it
to freely rotate in multiple axes.
3. Spin Motor-The motor responsible for maintaining the high-speed rotation of the
gyroscope rotor.
4. Control System- The control system includes various sensors, electronics, and
mechanisms that monitor the gyroscope's orientation and make adjustments to keep it
aligned with true north.
5. Power Supply- Provides the necessary electrical or hydraulic power to run the
gyrocompass, including the spin motor and control system.
6. Compass Card- A fixed card marked with cardinal directions (North, South, East, West)
and often degree markings. It remains aligned with the Earth's surface.
7. Output Display- A display unit that provides information about the
vessel's heading or the direction of true north. It may include digital or
analog readouts.
8. Flux Detector- Some gyrocompasses use a flux detector to detect
changes in the Earth's magnetic field, which can help improve
accuracy and speed up initial alignment.
9. Speed Sensor- Measures the rotational speed of the gyroscope
and provides feedback to the control system.
10. Latitude Correction Device- Some gyrocompasses include
mechanisms to correct for errors in heading caused by changes in
latitude.
11. Damping System-Damping devices or mechanisms are used to
reduce oscillations or vibrations in the gyroscope system, ensuring a
stable reading.
12. Remote Repeater Compass- In larger vessels, remote repeater
13. Alarms and Indicator- Gyrocompasses often include alarms
and warning indicators to alert users to potential issues or
deviations from the desired course.
14. Alignment and Calibration Controls- Controls that allow
users to align, calibrate, and adjust the gyrocompass as needed.
15. Housing and Mounting-The gyrocompass is typically
housed in a protective casing, and it may be mounted on a stable
platform within the vessel.
16. Maintenance and Access Panels- Panels and access points
for maintenance and servicing of the gyrocompass components.
GYROSCOPIC
PRINCIPLE
The gyroscope is a mechanical device that
exhibits unique and fascinating behavior due to a
principle known as the gyroscope or gyroscopic
principle. This principle is based on the
fundamental laws of physics, particularly those
related to angular momentum and the
conservation of angular momentum.
GYROSCOPIC PRINCIPLE
The gyroscopic principle is based on the behavior of a
gyroscope, which is a spinning wheel or rotor that exhibits unique
properties when subjected to external forces. These properties are
primarily due to angular momentum and the conservation of
angular momentum, which states that a spinning object will
maintain its orientation in space unless acted upon by an external
torque. The gyroscopic principle is centered around the behavior
of a gyroscope, which is a spinning wheel or rotor.
Key characteristics of gyroscopes and the gyroscopic
principle include:
1. Conservation of Angular Momentum- Angular
momentum is a property of rotating objects and is defined as
the product of an object's moment of inertia (a measure of
how mass is distributed relative to the axis of rotation) and
its angular velocity (rate of rotation). According to the law of
conservation of angular momentum, the total angular
momentum of an isolated system remains constant unless
acted upon by an external torque.
2. Stability of Axis- When a gyroscope is set spinning, its
axis of rotation will remain fixed in space unless acted upon
by an external torque. This means that the gyroscope resists
changes in its orientation and tends to maintain its original
orientation.
3. Precession- If an external torque is applied to a
spinning gyroscope, it doesn't immediately respond by
changing its orientation in the direction of the torque.
Instead, it responds perpendicular to the applied force by
rotating around a point perpendicular to the direction of the
force. This phenomenon is known as precession. The rate
and direction of precession depend on the magnitude and
direction of the applied torque.
4 . Applications-Gyroscopes are used in a wide range of
applications, including navigation (e.g., gyro compasses in
ships and aircraft), stabilization systems in drones and
cameras, gyroscopic sensors in smartphones, and more.
Their stability and resistance to changes in orientation make
them valuable tools in various fields.
Key Takeaways:
• The gyroscopic principle is based on the conservation of angular momentum,
which states that a spinning object will maintain its orientation in space
unless acted upon by an external torque.
• Gyroscopes are highly stable and resist changes in their axis of rotation,
which makes them useful in various applications where stability and
precision are essential.
• Precession is the characteristic response of a gyroscope to an applied external
torque, resulting in a rotation perpendicular to the applied force.
• Gyroscopes find applications in navigation, stabilization, sensors, and
various technological and scientific fields due to their unique properties.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the gyro compass, based on the gyroscopic principle,
provides accurate navigation by utilizing the stability and precession of
gyroscopes. Beyond navigation, gyroscopes are integral to stabilizing
devices like cameras and enhancing smartphone features. These
applications showcase the practical impact of the gyroscopic principle,
demonstrating its significance in modern technology and science.
THANK YOU
