CSBP219: Object Oriented Programming

Spring 2025

Week 3 – Part 1
Basics of Java
Control Structure – Repetition
 Objectives
In this chapter you will learn:
Repetition (looping) control structures
Counter-controlled repetition structures
Sentinel-controlled repetition structures
Flag-controlled repetition structures
EOF-controlled repetition structures
break, continue
for looping (repetition) structures
Nested control structures

Slide 2
while Looping (Repetition) Structure

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 Counter controlled while Loops
When we know how many times certain
statements need to be executed, we use a
counter controlled while loop

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 while Loops
Question: How many times this loop is going
to iterate?

Slide 5
 Sentinel-Controlled while Loops
A sentinel-controlled while loop uses a
sentinel value to control the loop.

Slide 6
 Flag-Controlled while Loops
A flag-controlled while loop uses a Boolean
variable to control the loop.

Slide 7
 EOF-Controlled while Loops
When reading from a file, the End-Of-File
while loop tests for the end of file reached
using the scanner’s hasNext() method.

Slide 8
 break And continue Statements
The break and continue statements alter
the flow of control in a program.
The break statement provides an immediate
exit from the loop.
The continue statement skips the remaining
statements in the loop & proceeds with the
next iteration of the loop.

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 break Statements
Example:

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 continue Statement
Example:

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 for Looping Structure
Syntax:

Example:

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 for Looping Structure
 Example:

System.out.print( i ); // 10

OR

System.out.print( i ); // Error ???? I don’t know i

Slide 13
for Loop Vs while Loop

Slide 14
 Nested Controlled Structures
Nested repetition is when a control structure
is placed inside of the body or main part of
another control structure.
Nested repetition are often used for
processing things like multi-dimensional
arrays.
Example: Output:
for (int i=0; i < 5; i++) { **********
for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) { **********
System.out.print("*");
}
**********
System.out.println(); **********
} **********

Slide 15
 Exercises
Write a program to display all odd numbers between
100 and 200. Use a while loop.
Write a program to display all numbers between 100
and 200 that are divisible by 3. Use a for loop
Write a program that will repeatedly ask the user to
input a number, then count all the positive and
negative numbers entered by the user. The program
stops when the user enters a value of zero.
Write a program that will ask the user to input the
number of items purchased, then for each item, asks
for the item price. The program then calculates and
displays the total price of all items, the highest price
of all items, and the lowest price of all items.
CSBP219: Object Oriented Programming
Spring 2024

Week 3 – Part 2
Basics of Java
Methods
 Objectives
In this chapter you will learn:
Pre-defined methods.
Value returning methods.
Void methods.
Actual and formal parameters.
Methods with no parameters
The scope of identifiers.
Method overloading.

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 Pre-defined Classes and Methods
• Many predefined packages, classes, and
methods in Java
• Library: collection of packages
• Package: contains several classes
• Class: contains several methods
• Method:
Examples set of classes:
of Predefined instructions
• String, Math, Random, …
• Scanner, FileReader, PrintWriter, …
• Integer, Double, Float, Character, …

Check the online Java documentation for the full

information about the pre-defined classes and
methods.
Slide 19
Class String methods

Slide 20
Class String methods

Slide 21
 class Math (Package: java.lang)

Method Short Deception

Expression
abs(x) Returns absolute value of the value x.
ceil (x) Returns the smallest integer value that not less than x (double
value).
exp (x) Returns exponential value of the value x.
floor(x) Returns the largest integer value that less than x (double value).
log(x) Returns the natural logarithm of x
log10(x) Returns the common logarithm of x
pow(x) Returns x to power y
max(x, y) Returns the maximum between x and y
min(x, y) Returns the minimum between x and y
round (x) Returns the closest integer to x
sqrt (x) Returns the square root of x
sin (x) / cos (x) Returns sine/cosine of x measured in radians

Slide 22
class Character (Package: java.lang)

Method Short Deception

Expression
isDigit(ch) Returns true if the character ch is a digit
isLetter (ch) Returns true if the character ch is a letter
isLowerCase(ch Returns true if the character ch is a lowercase letter
)
isLUpperCase(c Returns true if the character ch is a uppercase letter
h)
toLowerCase(ch Returns the lowercase equivalent of character ch
)
toUpperCase(ch Returns the upper equivalent of character ch
)

Slide 23
Example
 User-Defined Methods
User-defined methods in Java are classified into
two categories:

1. Value-returning methods: methods that have a

return datatype and return a value.

2. Void methods: methods that do not use a return

statement to return a value.

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 Value-Returning Methods
 Value-returning methods compute and
return a value.
 Syntax:
Header
Body

Slide 26
 Value-Returning Methods
Example:

x Mai
n

Squar
e
number

 The variable declared in the header, number, within the

parentheses is called the formal parameter.
 square(x) is a call to the method; x is called the actual
parameter or argument.

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 Void Methods
Void methods do not return any value

To call a void method, you use the method name

together with the actual parameters(if any) in a
stand-alone statement.

When a void method exits, control goes back to the

calling environment at the statement immediately
following the point where it was called.

You may not use a void methods in an expression

(for example, as an argument to
System.out.println()) .
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 Void Methods
Example:

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 Methods With No Parameters
A method’s formal parameter list can be
empty, but the parentheses are still needed:

Example

Slide 30
 Variable Scope
A variable, x, declared within a
block is accessible only within its
block and by those blocks that are
nested within that block.

Slide 31
 Method Overloading
Method overloading: creating several
methods, within a class, with the same name
but with differnet parameter list.
 The following methods correctly overload the method myFun:

 public void myFun ()

 public void myFun (int x, double y)

 public void myFun (double x, int y)

 public void myFun (int x, double y, char ch)

 If a method’s name is overloaded, then in a call to that method, the formal

parameter list of the method determines which method to execute.
Slide 32
 Exercises
Write a method that receives the radius of a
circle, then calculates and returns the area of
that circle.
Write a main method that will ask the user to
input the radius, calls the method above, then
displays the returned value of the area.
Write a method that receives the price of an item,
and the discount on that item, then it calculates
and prints the price after discount and after
adding tax ( a constant 5%).
In the main method, ask the user to input the
price of an item, then call the above method to
calculate and print the final price.