HISTORY AND
DEVELOPMEN
T OF
GUIDANCE
DEVELOPMENT OF COUNSELING AND GUIDANCE
IN EDUCATION
1890s
> the development of guidance and counseling in the
United States began with the social reform movement.
> One of the consequences was the compulsory
education movement and shortly thereafter the vocational
guidance movement, which, in its early days, was concerned
with guiding people into the workforce to become productive
members of society.
1907
JESSE B.DAVIS is thought to be the first to implement a
systematic guidance system in public schools (Schmidt, 2003)
1908s
FRANK PARSONS is considered to be the father of the
vocational guidance movement. His work led to the development of
the Boston Vocation Bureau. (Allyn & Bacon 2004)
Purpose of Bureau was to provide young people with
vocational assistance in schools. Parsons trained
teachers to serve as vocational counselors.
1918s
The United States' entry into World War I brought the need for
assessment of large groups of draftees, in large part to select
appropriate people for leadership positions. These early psychological
assessments performed on large groups of people were quickly
identified as being valuable tools to be used in the educational
system, thus beginning the standardized testing movement
1930s
The National Vocational Guidance Association was formed and
helped legitimize and increase the number of guidance counselors.
Early vocational guidance counselors were often teachers appointed
to assume the extra duties of the position in addition to their regular
teaching responsibilities.
1957
The National Defense Education Act (NDEA) was
enacted, providing aid to education in the United States at
all levels, public and private. Instituted primarily to stimulate
the advancement of education in science, mathematics, and
modern foreign languages.
> It also provided aid in other areas, including technical
education, area studies, geography, English as a second
language, counseling and guidance, school libraries, and
educational media centers.
1970s
This decade gave rise to the special education movement.
The educational and counseling needs of students with
disabilities was addressed with the passage of the Education for
All Handicapped Children Act in 1975.
1980s
> The development of training standards and criteria for
school counseling in order for schools to provide adequate
educational opportunities for individuals with disabilities, school
counselors were trained to adapt the educational environment to
student needs. The duties and roles of many counselors began
to change considerably.
How are other countries providing counseling? It is clear
that school counseling has made significant progress in the
United States. Political, social, and cultural factors are deeply
embedded in the way a given country addresses the
educational needs of its populace. Following are brief examples
of how school counseling is practiced in some other countries.
In Japan, the goal of high school counseling is to "help every
student develop abilities of self-understanding, decision-
making, life planning, and action-taking to be able to adjust in
the career options he or she decides to pursue".
In France, secondary school counseling was started in 1922
and by the late 1930s was adopted by the educational system
and seen as a necessary part of the institution. School
counselors assist students with vocational guidance.
In Thailand, school counseling often incorporates advice-
giving by teachers.
In Israel, school counselors devote one-third of their time to
classroom instruction and the rest to personal and social
counseling. Career counseling is somewhat curtailed because
students are required to enlist with the armed services after high
school.
HISTORY AND
DEVELOPMENT
OF GUIDANCE
IN THE PHILIPPINES
In the Philippines, guidance is said to have both accidental
and incidental origin.
Before 1925, guidance as movement, as it is now practiced
and accepted, was unknown in the Philippines. It was only in
1932 when a Psychological Clinic started by DR. SINFOROSO
PADILLA, a Filipino Psychologist was concerned with cases of
student discipline: emotional, academic and
vocational problems.
In November 1945, the first Guidance Institute was
opened. The Bureau of Public Schools started to send
teachers as pensionados for observation and study of
guidance services abroad.
The NATIONAL TEACHERS COLLEGE was chosen
to be the site of the first Guidance Institute
GUIDANCE ASSOCIATION OF THE PHILIPPINE
has been organized.
DR. ROY G. BONE and GEROGE H. BENNETT, UNESCO
specialists in guidance, helped much in making Filipino
education officials guidance-conscious.
In 1951, Congress proposed the establishment of a
functional guidance and counseling program in schools to
help students select their course, activities, occupations,
friends, future mates.
In 1952, The Division Superintendents of schools
recommended the establishment of guidance services in the
public schools
• In 1953, the Philippine Association of Guidance Counselors
was organized to establish a Testing Bureau
REPUBLIC ACT 9258
GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING ACT OF
2004
An act professionalizing the practice of guidance and
counseling in the Philippines
This law basically states that “No person shall engage in
the practice of guidance and counseling without a valid
Certificate of Registration and a valid Professional
Identification Card or a Special Permit” and that “no
corporation, partnership, association or entity shall
operate a guidance and counseling office, center/clinic,
testing center, rehabilitation center, or otherwise engage
in the practice of guidance and counseling without first
securing a permit from the Board. The permit shall be
issued only after it has satisfied the Board that such
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 11036
AN ACT ESTABLISHING A NATIONAL MENTAL
HEALTH POLICY FOR THE PURPOSE OF
ENHANCING THE DELIVERY OF INTEGRATED
MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PROMOTING AND
PROTECTING THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS
UTILIZING PSYCHIATRIC, NEUROLOGIC AND
PSYCHOSOCIAL HEALTH SERVICES,
APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES
RA 11036 aims to integrate mental health in
the general healthcare system, according to bill
author Senator Risa Hontiveros.
There are four components of the Mental Health
Law:
• It secures the rights and welfare of mental
health professionals and persons with mental
needs.
• Provide mental health services in hospitals
and barangay.
• Improve mental health facilities.
