A PROJECT REPORT ON
COMPENSATOR-DESIGN FOR
STEP AND RAMP INPUT USING
MATLAB
A PROJECTREPORT ON COMPENSATOR-
DESIGNFORSTEPANDRAMPINPUTUSINGMATLAB
DEPARTMENTOFELECTRONICSANDCOMMUNICATIO
NENGINEERING
CAMELLIAINSTITUTEOFENGINEERINGANDTECHNO
LOGY Submitted by:-
1.DILIPVISHWAKARMA(27100318019)
2.PAYELSENBURMAN(27100318029)
3.ABHISHEKROY(27100318025)
4.PRIYANKABANERJEE(27100318014) 5.
CHANDNIMUKHERJEE(27100318020) 6.
ASUTOSHADHIKARY(27100318021) 7.
DWIPJOYROY(27100318017)
UNDERTHESUPERVISIONOF:-
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Finally, I would like to express my
gratitude towards our teacher
Abir Chakraborty for the
guidance and support given by
them for the completion of this
project. Also, I am thanking all
my friends, for their help when
Istalled in my work.This project
title is “Compensator-design for
step and ramp input using
Matlab.
ABSTRACT
In basic electronics, Compensator,
a type of controller is a device
with a open loop plant
characteristics to improve and use
the feedback controller safely.
Thus we need proper
understanding of the control
system. So this project itself is a
combination of control system and
compensator design for step and
ramp input with the usage of
MATLAB for better learning.
CONSTANT
What do you mean by compensation in control
system.
What do you mean by phase compensation of
control system?
WHAT IS PHASE LEAD COMPENSATOR?
WHAT IS PHASE LAG COMPENSATOR?
WHAT IS PHASE LEAD-LAG COMPENSATOR?
LEAD COMPENSATOR for i. Step input.
LEAD COMPENSATOR for ii. RAMP input.
LAG COMPENSATOR for i. Step input.
LAG COMPENSATOR for ii. Ramp input.
LEAD-LAG COMPENSATORS STEP INPUT.
LEAD-LAG COMPENSATORS RAMP INPUT.
•What do you mean by compensation in control
system.
The re area number of different compensation units that
can be employed to help fix a certain system me trics such
that they are outside of a proper operating system range,
most commonly the phase characteristics are in need of
compensation system , especially if the magnitude
response is to remain constant there are four types of
compensation.
1.LEAD COMPENSATION
2.LAG COMPENSATION
3. LEAD-LAG COMPENSATION
4.LAG-LEAD COMPENSATION
• What do you mean by phase compensation
of control system?
Occasionally, it is necessary to alter the phase
characteristics of a given, without altering the
magnitude characteristics. To do this we need to alter
the frequency response in such a way that the phase
response is altered. But the magnitude response is not
altered. To do this, we need to implement a special
variety of controller known as phase compensators.
They are called compensators because they help to
improve the phase response of the system.
There are two general types of compensators ;
1.LEAD COMPENSATORS
2.LAG COMPENSATORS
Combined both of them and we will get
3.LEAD-LAG COMPENSATORS
4.LAG-LEAD COMPENSATORS
•WHAT IS PHASE LEAD COMPENSATOR?
THE TRANSFER FUNCTION FOR A LEAD-COMPENSATOR
IS AS FOLLOWS: S/S=(S-z)/(S-p)
|z|<|p|
So as we realise that value of zero is lesser than value
of pole so zero is located much nearer to origin .So the
entire transfer function is zero dominant. The lead
compensator increases the gain of the system at high
frequencies (the amount of this gain is equal to A). This
can increase the crossover frequency. Which will help
to decrease the rise time and settling time of the
system(but may amplify high frequency noise). So the
entire network acts as a high pass filter. To make the
compensator work correctly, the following property
must be satisfied : And both the pole and zero location
should be close to the origin, in the LHP. Because there
is only one pole and one zero, they both should be
located on there al axis. Phase lead compensators help
to shift the poles of the transfer function to the left,
which is beneficial for stability purposes.
•WHAT IS PHASE LAG COMPENSATOR?
The transfer function for lead-compensator is as follows
:
Tlag = (S-z)/(S-p)
|p|<|z| so as we realise
That the value of the pole is lesser than value of zero so
pole is located much nearer to origin. So, the entire
transfer function is pole dominant. The low frequency
gain is increased and this helps reduce the steady state
error. So the entire network acts as a low pass filter.
To make the compensator work correctly, the following
property must be satisfied and both the pole and zero
location should be close to the origin, in the lhp.
Because there is only one pole and one zero. They both
should be located on there al axis. Phase lead
compensators help to shift the poles of the transfer
function to the left, which is beneficial for stability
purposes.
•WHAT IS PHASE LEAD-LAG COMPENSATOR?
A lead-lag compensator consists of a lead compensator
cascaded with lag compensator. The overall transfer
function can be written as Typically|p1|>|z1|>|z2|>|
p2|,where z1 and p1 are the zero and pole of the lead
compensator and z 2 and p2 are the zero and pole of
the lag compensator. The lead compensator provides
phase lead at high frequencies. This shifts the root locus
to the left, which enhances the responsiveness and
stability of the system. The lag compensator provides
phase lag at low frequencies which reduces the steady
state error. The precise locations of the poles and zeros
depend on both the desired characteristics of the closed
loop response and the characteristics of the system
being controlled. However, the pole and zero of the lag
compensator should be close to get her so as not to
cause the poles to shift right, which could cause
instability or slow convergence. Since their purpose is to
affect
SAVERALthe low frequency
MATLAB behavior,
APPLICATOIN OFthey should be near
COMPENSATOR
the origin.
WITH CODES AND OUTPUT FIGURE
LEAD COMPENSATOR FOR 1 STEP INPUT
LEAD COMPENSATOR FOR 2 RAMP INPUT
LAG COMPENSATOR FOR 1 STEP INPUT
LAG COMPENSATOR FOR 2 RAMP INPUT
LEAD-LAG COMPENSATOR STEP INPUT
LEAD-LAG COMPENSATORS RAMP INPUT
THE END
