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Module 2.1 - Pressure of Fluids at Rest

This document covers the principles of pressure in fluids at rest, including the definition of pressure, its measurement, and characteristics. It explains the relationship between absolute pressure and gauge pressure, introduces manometers for measuring fluid pressure, and provides examples and exercises related to pressure calculations. Key concepts include the dependence of pressure on fluid depth, density, and gravitational acceleration.

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Sanie Heeseung
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79 views15 pages

Module 2.1 - Pressure of Fluids at Rest

This document covers the principles of pressure in fluids at rest, including the definition of pressure, its measurement, and characteristics. It explains the relationship between absolute pressure and gauge pressure, introduces manometers for measuring fluid pressure, and provides examples and exercises related to pressure calculations. Key concepts include the dependence of pressure on fluid depth, density, and gravitational acceleration.

Uploaded by

Sanie Heeseung
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CE0009

FLUID
MECHANICS
02
MODULE #2
PRESSURE FLUIDS AT REST

CONTINUITY PRINCIPLE
PRESSURE
• When a uniform pressure acts on a flat plate of
area A and a force F pushes the plate then the
pressure is:
𝐹
𝑃=
𝐴
• Pressure is the force applied perpendicular to
the surface of an object per unit area over
which that force is distributed
PRESSURE
• The pressure exerted by a static fluid depends only upon the
depth of the fluid, the density of the fluid and the
gravitational acceleration.

𝑃=𝛾 h
MEASUREMENT OF
PRESSURE
1 atm is standard 1 atmospheric pressure in meteorology and
is called the standard atmospheric pressure
ABSOLUTE PRESSURE AND GAUGE
PRESSURE

𝑃 𝑎𝑏𝑠 =𝑃 𝑔𝑎𝑢𝑔𝑒 + 𝑃 𝑎 𝑡𝑚
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRESSURE
The pressure has the following three
characteristics.
1. The pressure of a fluid always acts
perpendicular to the wall in contact with the
fluid.

2. The values of the pressure acting at any point


in a fluid at rest are equal regardless of its
direction

3. The fluid pressure applied to a fluid in a closed


vessel is transmitted to all parts at the same
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRESSURE
MANOMETER
• A device which measures the fluid pressure by the
height of a liquid column.

• Manometers can be employed to measure


pressures in the range of 0.4 Pa
to 200 kPa.
Example
1. A weather person states that the barometric
pressure is 29 in of mercury. Convert this
pressure to
(a) kPa,
(b) psi,
(c) ft of water, and
(d) bars
Example
Example
2. A manometer connects an oil pipeline and a
water pipeline as shown. Determine the
difference in pressure between the two
pipelines using the readings on the manometer.
Use SG oil = 0.86 and SG Hg = 13.6
Example
3. A force of 460 N is exerted on lever AB, as
shown in the figure, End B is connected to a
piston which fits into a cylinder having a
diameter of 60mm. What force Fd acts on the larger piston; i
f the volume between C and D is filled with water?
Seatwork
• What is the water pressure on the sea bottom at a depth of
6500m? The specific gravity of sea water is assumed to be
1.03.
• In figure 1, the pressure at A is 560 psf and the liquid
flowing inside the pipe is water, determine the pressure at
B.

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