Faculty of Computer Science

Object Oriented Programming Language

Lecturer: Lutfullah Haqnesar

Chapter 3

Structure and Union Data Type

Learning outcomes:
• Structure
• Union
• Difference between structure & union
 Structure Chapter 02
What is Security?
• Structure is a collection of variables of different data types under a single
name.
• Structures are a way to group several related variables into one place.
• Unlike an array, a structure can contain many different data types (int,
string, bool, etc.).
• The data items in a structure are called the members of the structure.
 Structure Chapter 02
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Syntax of Structure:

struct structure_name
{
// member declarations.
};

• To create a structure, use the struct keyword and declare each of its
members inside curly braces.
 Structure example Chapter 02
What is Security?
struct Student
{
char name[20];
int id;
int age;
}

• In the above examle, Student is a structure that contains three variables

Example:
Student s;
• Here, s is a structure variable of type Student.
• When the structure variable is created, the memory will be allocated.
 Structure Chapter 02
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How to create the instance of Structure (con…)?
struct Student
{
char name[20];
int id;
int age;
}
• Student structure contains one char variable and two integer variable.
• Therefore, the memory for one char variable is 1 byte and two ints will be
2*4 = 8. The total memory occupied by the s variable is 9 byte.
 Structure Chapter 02
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How to access the variable of Structure?
• The variable of the structure can be accessed by using the instance of the
structure followed by the dot (.) operator and then the field of the
structure.

Example:
s.id = 4;
 Structure Example 1 Chapter 02
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#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct Rectangle {
int width, height;
};
int main() {
Rectangle rec;
rec.width=8;
rec.height=5;
cout<<"Area of Rectangle is: "<<(rec.width * rec.height)<<endl;
return 0;
}
 Structure Example 2 Chapter 02
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#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct car {
string brand;
string model;
int year;
};
int main() {
car myCar1;
myCar1.brand = "BMW";
myCar1.model = "X5";
myCar1.year = 1999;

cout << myCar1.brand << " " << myCar1.model << " " << myCar1.year;
return 0; }
 Structure Example 3 Chapter 02
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#include <iostream>
using namespace std; cin>>p1.name;
struct Person cout << "Enter age: ";
{ cin >> p1.age;
char name[50]; cout << "Enter salary: ";
int age; cin >> p1.salary;
float salary; cout << "Displaying Information." << endl;
}; cout << "Name: " << p1.name << endl;
int main() { cout <<"Age: " << p1.age << endl;
Person p1; cout << "Salary: " << p1.salary;
cout << "Enter Full name: "; return 0;
}
 Union Chapter 02
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• Union is a user-defined datatype. Similarly to the structure, the union can
contain different types of data types.
• All the members of union share same memory location.
• Size of union is decided by the size of largest member of union.
• If you want to use same memory location for two or more members,
union is the best for that.
• The keyword “union” is used to define unions in C language.
 Union example Chapter 02
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#include <iostream> << G1.m1 << endl;
using namespace std; cout << "The next value stored "
union un { << "after removing the previous value : "
int m1; << G1.m2 << endl;
char m2; cout << "The Final value value "
float m3; << "at the same allocated memory space : "
}; << G1.m3 << endl;
int main() { cout<<&G1.m1<<endl;
un G1, G2, G3; cout<<&G1.m2<<endl;
G1.m1 = 34; cout<<&G1.m3<<endl;
G1.m2 = 'a'; return 0;
G1.m3 = 34.34; }
cout << “First value at allocated memory:"
 Structure and Union Chapter 02
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Struct Union
 The struct keyword is used to define a  The union keyword is used to define
structure. union.
 The size of a structure is equal to the sum  The size of a union is equal to the size of
of the sizes of each data member. its largest data member size.
 Each variable member occupied a unique  Variables members share the memory
memory space. space of the largest size variable.
 Changing the value of a member will not  Changing the value of one member will
affect other variables members. also affect other variables members.
 All variable members store some value at  Only one data member stores a value at
any point in the program. any particular instance in the program.
 It allows accessing and retrieving any data  It allows accessing and retrieving any one
member at a time. data member at a time.
 OOP Chapter 02
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End of Chapter