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Input Protection Using Discrete Components

The document outlines various types of input protection including over-voltage, under-voltage, over-current, and reverse polarity protection. It details the principles and components used for each protection type, such as Zener diodes, TVS diodes, and fuses, along with selection parameters for effective implementation. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of these protections in preventing damage to electronic circuits from voltage fluctuations and incorrect connections.

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chirag.thakar
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25 views20 pages

Input Protection Using Discrete Components

The document outlines various types of input protection including over-voltage, under-voltage, over-current, and reverse polarity protection. It details the principles and components used for each protection type, such as Zener diodes, TVS diodes, and fuses, along with selection parameters for effective implementation. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of these protections in preventing damage to electronic circuits from voltage fluctuations and incorrect connections.

Uploaded by

chirag.thakar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Input Protection Using Discrete Components

Date: 07 April, 2025


Types of Input Protection:
• Over voltage protection
• Under voltage protection (Brownout protection)
• Over current protection
• Reverse polarity protection
Over-voltage Protection
Principle:
• shuts down the supply, or clamps the output, when the voltage exceeds a
preset level.

Over-voltage Protection Components:

• Zener Diodes
• TVS Diodes/ESD Diodes
• MOSFET/Transistor Circuits
1. Zener Diode:

- Used to maintain a constant voltage


Selection Parameters of Zener Diode:
• Zener Voltage(Vz)

• Max Current(Iz)

• Maximum Power Rating

• Bias Current
2. TVS/ESD Diode:

- A type of zener diode


- Designed to protect electronic circuits from overvoltage surge, particularly electrostatic
discharge (ESD) events
Selection Parameters of TVS/ESD Diode:
• Reverse Breakdown Voltage(Vbr)/Peak Reverse Voltage(Vrwm)

• Peak Pulse Power(Ppk)/Peak Pulse Current(Ipp)

• Polarity

• Total Capacitance(Ct)

• Dynamic Resistance(Rdyn)

• Clamp Voltage(Vc)
3. Using Transistor along with zener diode:
Under-voltage Protection
Principle:

• Voltage below the lower operating range -> Functional/Undefined


• This operating condition is called brownout.
1. Undervoltage Lockout Circuit Using MOSFET:
2. Undervoltage Lockout Circuit Using Op-Amp:
Over-Current Protection
Principle:
• Overcurrent protection is a safety measure designed to prevent excessive current from
flowing through a circuit.

• When the current exceeds a predetermined safe level, it can cause electrical equipment to
overheat, become damaged, or even result in fires

Over-current Protection Types:

• Overload Protection: When the current exceeds the rated capacity of the equipment or
wiring, but does not reach the level of a short circuit. Sustained overload current can lead to
overheating of cables, insulation damage, and potentially fires if not addressed.

• Short Circuit Protection: Arises from faults or grounding issues in the electrical system,
causing a sudden and significant surge in current. A quick response is essential to
disconnect the faulty circuit and prevent more extensive harm.
1. Fuses:

Fuse Selection:

• Current rating
• Voltage rating
• Fuse type(AC or DC)
• Temperature rating
• Speed and Time
• Size and Shape
• Certifications(UL, IEC, CSA etc.,)
• Cost
Reverse Polarity Protection
Principle:
• Reverse polarity protection in electronics safeguards devices against damage caused by
incorrectly connecting the positive and negative power supply terminals.

• This is achieved by using circuits or components that prevent current flow when the polarity
is reversed, ensuring the device remains unharmed.
1. Using Silicon/Shottkey Diode:

Considerations:

• Reverse Leakage Current


• Breakdown Voltage
2. Using P-Channel MOSFET :

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