2023

Introducing Today’s Technologies:

Computers, Devices, and the Web
TI2302 – Information Technology and Communication
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Overview
This Chapter provides a general terms and concepts about common technologies used today
included computers, mobile and game devices, data and information, the web, digital security
and privacy, programs and apps, communications and networks, technology uses, and technology
users
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Objectives
• After completing this chapter, you should be able to:
– Differentiate among laptops, tablets, desktops, and servers
– Describe the purpose and uses of smartphones, digital cameras, portable and digital media players, e-book readers,
wearable devices, and game devices
– Describe the relationship between data and information
– Briefly explain various input options (keyboards, pointing devices, voice and video input, and scanners), output options
(printers, displays, and speakers), and storage options (hard disks, solid-state drives, USB flash drives, memory cards, optical
discs, and cloud storage)
– Differentiate the web from the Internet, and describe the relationship among the web, webpages, websites, and web servers
– Explain the purpose of a browser, a search engine, and an online social network
– Briefly describe digital security risks associated with viruses and other malware, privacy, your health, and the environment
– Differentiate between operating system and applications
– Differentiate between wired and wireless network technologies, and identify reasons individuals and businesses use
networks
– Discuss how society uses technology in education, government, finance, retail, entertainment, health care, science, travel,
publishing, and manufacturing
– Identify technology used by home users, small/ home office users, mobile users, power users, and enterprise users
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Content
- Today’s Technology
- Computers
- Mobile and Game Devices
- Data and Information
- The Web
- Digital security and privacy
- Programs and Apps
- Communications and Network
- Technology Uses
- Technology Users
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Today’s Technology
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Today’s Technology
• Because technology changes,
you must keep up with the
changes to remain digitally
literate
• Digital literacy involves having a
current knowledge and
understanding of computers,
mobile devices, the Internet,
and related technologies
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Computers
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Computer
A computer is an electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own
memory, that can accept data(input), process the data according to specified rules, produce
information for future use, populer category is the Personal Computer (PC)

Types of personal computers Includes Laptops,

Tablets, and Desktops

A mobile computer is a portable PC, designed so that

a user can carry it from place to place
• A user is anyone who interacts with a computer or
mobile device, or utilize the information it
generates
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Laptops
• Known as a notebook computer,
• lightweight mobile computer with a screen in its lid
and a keyboard in its base
• fit on Lap, easy transport, most laptops weight up to
7 pounds (varying by manufacturer and
spesifications)
• ultrathin laptop, a laptop that is less than one inch
thick and weighs about three pounds or less
• Most laptops can operate on batteries or a power
supply or both
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Tablets
• Usually smaller than a laptop but larger than a phone
• thin, lighter-weight mobile computer that has a touch
screen
• run on batteries or a power supply or both
• batteries typically last longer than those in laptops
• a slate tablet is a popular tablet style, which does not
contain a physical keyboard.
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Desktop and All-in-Ones

• Desktop, Personal computer designed to be
in a stationary location, where all of its
components fit on or under a desk or table

• all-in-one, does not contain a tower and

instead use the same case to house the
display and the processing circuitry

• some desktop and all-in-ones have displays that

support touch
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Servers
A Server is a computer dedicated to providing one or more
services to other computers or devices on a network
• a network is a collection of computers and devices connected
together, often wirelessly

services provided by servers: storing content and controlling access

to hardware, software, and other resources on a network

available in a variety of sizes and types for both small (eg.

home) and large business applications(eg. corporate,
government, and web applications)
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Mobile and Game Devices

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Mobile and Game Devices

• a computing device small enough to hold in your hand.
• the screens on mobile devices are small-often between 3 and 5 inches
• popular types of mobile devices are smartphones, digital cameras, portable and
digital media players, e-book readers, and wearable devices
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Smartphones
an internet-capable phone that usually also includes a calendar, an
address book, a calculator, a notepad, games, and several other apps
(pograms on the smartphone)
typically communicate wirelessly with other devices or computers
most smartphone have a touch screen,can play music or videos,
take photos, and record videos.
a few models have built-in mini keyboards or keypads that contain
both numbers and letters
can send messages (voice mail messages, text message, picture
message, video message) to others by pressing images of keys and icons
on an on-screen keyboard on the phone
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Digital Cameras
• a device that allows to take photos and store the photographed images digitally
• can communicate wirelessly with other devices (computer, smartTV, printer,
internet) and include apps similar to those on a smartphone
• included in many mobile computers and devices as integrated digital camera
• Many digital cameras also have built-in GPS
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Portable and Media Digital Players

• A portable media player is a mobile device on which you can
store, organize, and play or view digital media (music, photos,
and videos)
• Usually require a set of earbuds (small speakers that rest
inside each ear canal).
• Some portable media player models have a touch screen,
while others have a pad.
• Portable media players are a mobile type of digital media
player.
• A digital media player or streaming media player is a
device, typically used in a home, that streams digital
media from a computer or network to a television,
projector, or some other entertainment device
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E-book Readers

• An e-book reader, or e-reader, is a mobile device that is

used primarily for reading e-books
• e-book, or digital book, is an electronic version of a
printed book, readable on computers and other digital
devices.
• most e-book reader models have a touch screen, and
some are Internet capable
• usually are smaller than tablets but larger than
smartphones.
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Wearable Devices
• A wearable device or wearable, is a • activity trackers can
small, mobile computing consumer monitor heart rater,
device designed to be worn measure pulse, count
• can communicate with a mobile steps, and track sleep
device or computer patterns
• popular wearable devices: activity
tracker, smartwatches
a smartwacth can communicate with a smartphone to
make and answer phone calss, read and send messages,
access the web, play music, work with apps, such as
fitness trackers and GPS, etc
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Game Devices
• known as a game console, mobile computing device
designed for single-player or multiplayer video games.
• Gamers often connect the game console to a television so
that they can view their gameplay on the television’s
screen.
• Many game console models are internet capable and also
allow to listen to music, watch movies or view photos.
• weight between 3 and 11 pounds and portable
• A handheld game device is small enough to fit in one
hand, making it more portable than the game console.
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Data and Information

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Data and Information

• Computers process data (input) into information (output) and often store the data
and resulting information for future use.
• Data is a collection of unprocessed items, which can include text, numbers, images,
audio, and video.
• Information conveys meaning to users.
• Many daily activities either involve the use of or depend on information from
computer.
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Input
• any hardware component that allows you to enter data and instructions
into a computer or mobile device
• Common input methods:
• keyboard,
• pointing devices: mouse, touchpad
• voice input (eg. microphone)
• video input (eg. webcam)
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Computer
processes
data into
information
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Keyboards
• A keyboard contains key you press to enter data and
instructions into a computer or mobile device.
• Keyboards for desktops contain more keys than keyboards
on mobile computer and devices.
• Instead of a physical keyboard, user also can enter data via
an on-screen keyboard or a virtual keyboard, which is a
keyboard that projects from a device to a flat surface.
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Pointing Devices
• A pointing devices is an input device that allows user to control a small symbol on a
screen, calles the pointer.
• Desktops typically use a mouse as their pointing devices, and laptops use a
touchpad
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Voice and Videos Input

Some mobile devices and computers enable you to speak data
instructions using voice input and to capture live full-motion
images using video input
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Scanners

• A scanner is a light-sensing input

device that converts printed text and
images into a form the computer can
process
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Output
• An output devices is any hardware component that conveys information
from a computer or mobile device to one or more people.
• Common input methods:
• printers,
• Display
• Speakers, earbuds, and headphones
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Printers
A 3-D printer can print
solid object, such as
clothing, prosthetics,
eyewear, implants, toys,
parts, prototypes, and
more.
A printer is a an output device
that produces text dan
graphics on a physical
medium, such as paper or
other material.
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Display
• A display is an output device that visually conveys text, graphics, and video
information.
• Display consist of a screen and the components that produce the
information on the screen.
• The display for a desktop usually is a monitor, which is a separate, physical
devide.
• Mobile computers and devices typically integrate the display in their same
physical case.
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Common type of displays

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The Web
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WEB

The world wide web (web), a

global library of information
available to anyone connected to
the internet.

The internet is a worldwide

collection of computer networks
that connects million of bussiness,
government agencies, educational
institutions, and individuals.
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Searching the Web

Search engine, software that finds websites, webpages,
images, videos, news, maps, and other information
related to a spesific topic.
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The Web
• webpage, electronic documents on the web,
• website, a collection of related webpages, which are store on a web server.
• webserver is a computer delivers requested webpages to your computer or
mobile devices
• webpages often contain links
• links, hyperlink, is a built-in connection to other documents, graphics,
audio files, videos, webpages, or websites.
• surfing the web, the activity of using links to explore the web
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Browsing the Web

• Browser, software that enables users with an Internet
connection to access and view webpages on a
computer or mobile device.
• widely used browsers include
• Chrome,
• Edge,
• Firefox,
• Safari
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Browser
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Searching
the Web
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Online Social Networks

• Online Social Network also called a social
networking site, a website that encourages
members in its online community to share their
interest, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos
with other registered users.
• popular online social networks include Facebook,
Twitter, and LinkedIn.
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Other services on the internet:

• Email
• Messaging services
• VoIP (VOice over Internet Protocol)
• FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
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Digital Security and Privacy

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Viruses and Other Malware

• Malware (Malicious software), software that typically
acts without a users’s knowledge and deliberately alters
the computer’s or mobile device’s operations.
• examples of malware include viruses, worms, trojan
horses, rootkits, spyware, adware, and zombies.
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Privacy
• Some techniques can use to protect form identity theft:
• Shredding financial documents before discarding them,
• Never clicking links in unsolicited email messages,
• Enrolling in a credit monitoring service.
• Do not share information that would allow others to identify
or locate you,
• do not disclose identification numbers, user names,
passwords, or other personal security details.
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Health Concerns
• Prolonged or improper computer and mobile
device use can lead to injuries or disorders of
hands, wrists, elbows, eyes, neck, and back
• two behavioral health risk:
• technology addiction
• technology overload
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Environmental Issues
• Prolonged or improper computer and mobile
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Program and Apps

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• software also called a program, consist of a series

of related instructions, organized for a common
purpose, that tells the computer what tasks to
perform and how to perform them.
• Two categories of software
• System software
• application software
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Operating Systems
• Operating system, a set of programs that
coordinates all the activities among computer or
mobile device hardware.
• Operating systems include Microsoft’s Windows,
Apple’s macOS, Apple’s iOS, Google’s Android.
• to use an application, the computer or mobile
device must be running an operating system.
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Operating Systems
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Applications
• An application(app) consist of programs designed
to make users more productive and/or assist
them with personal tasks.
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Installing and Running Programs

• Process of setting up the program to work with a
computer or mobile device, printers, and/ or
other hardware
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Developing Program and Apps

• a software developer/ a developer/ programmer, is someone
who develops program and apps or writes the instructions
that direct the computer or mobile device to process data into
information.
• software developers use a programming language or
application development tool to create programs and apps.
• Popular programming language include C++, Java, JavaScript,
Visual C#, and Visual Basic.
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Communications and
Networks
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Wired and Wireless Communications

• wired communication often use some form of telephone
wiring, coaxial cable, or fiber-optic cables to send
communications signals.
• wireless communications send signals through the air or space
• example of wireless communications technologies include Wi-
Fi, Bluetooth, and cellular radio
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Network
• A collection of computers and devices connected together,
often wirelessly, via communications devices and transmission
media.
• networks allow computers to share resources, such as
hardware, software, data, and information.
• the servers controls access to the resource on a network.
• client, request resources from server.
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Network
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Technology Uses
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Technology Uses
• Technology has changed society today as much as the
industrial revolution changed society eighteenth and
nineteenth centuries
• People interact directly with technology in field such as
education, government, finance, retail, entertainment,
healtcare, science, travel, publishing, and manufacturing
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Technology Users
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Technology User
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Technology User
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• You should now be able to:

Unit Summary
– Differentiate among laptops, tablets, desktops, and servers
– Describe the purpose and uses of smartphones, digital cameras, portable and digital media players, e-book readers, wearable
devices, and game devices
– Describe the relationship between data and information
– Briefly explain various input options (keyboards, pointing devices, voice and video input, and scanners), output options (printers,
displays, and speakers), and storage options (hard disks, solid-state drives, USB flash drives, memory cards, optical discs, and
cloud storage)
– Differentiate the web from the Internet, and describe the relationship among the web, webpages, websites, and web servers
– Explain the purpose of a browser, a search engine, and an online social network
– Briefly describe digital security risks associated with viruses and other malware, privacy, your health, and the environment
– Differentiate between operating system and applications
– Differentiate between wired and wireless network technologies, and identify reasons individuals and businesses use networks
– Discuss how society uses technology in education, government, finance, retail, entertainment, health care, science, travel,
publishing, and manufacturing
– Identify technology used by home users, small/ home office users, mobile users, power users, and enterprise users
 Question & Answer

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