COMPUTER NETWORKING AND
DATA TRANSMISSION
DATA TRANSMISSION MODES
NETWORK SWITCHING
DATA TRANSMISSION
MODES
Transmission mode refers to the mechanism of
transferring of data between two devices
connected over a network. It is also
called Communication Mode. These modes
direct the direction of flow of information. There
are three types of transmission modes.
DATA TRANSMISSION MODE TYPES
Simplex Mode
Half duplex Mode
Full duplex Mode
.
SIMPLEX MODE
In this type of transmission mode, data can be sent only in
one direction i.e. communication is unidirectional. We
cannot send a message back to the sender. Unidirectional
communication is done in Simplex Systems where we just
need to send a command/signal, and do not expect any
response back.
EXAMPLES OF SIMPLEX MODE
loudspeakers
television broadcasting
television and remote
keyboard and monitor etc.
HALF DUPLEX MODE
Refers to the transmission of data in just one direction at a
time.
Some modems contain a switch that lets you select between
half-duplex and full-duplex modes
The correct choice depends on which program you are using
to transmit data through the modem
For example, a walkie-talkie is a half-duplex device because
only one party can talk at a time
FULL DUPLEX
In full duplex system we can send data in both the directions as it is
bidirectional at the same time in other words, data can be sent in
both directions simultaneously.
Example of Full Duplex is a Telephone Network in which there is
communication between two persons by a telephone line, using
which both can talk and listen at the same time.
FULL DUPLEX
In full duplex system there can be two lines
one for sending the data and the other for
receiving data.
NETWORK SWITCHING
What is Network Switching?
Network switching is the process of channeling data received from
any number of input ports to another designated port that will
transmit the data to its desired destination. The device through with
the input data passes is called a switch.
Data entering a port is referred to as ingress, while data leaving the
port is referred to as egress. The switch represents the medium
through which the data is routed to its final destination. There are
different types of network switching.
Network Switch
What is Network Switching?
In large networks, there can be
multiple paths from sender to
receiver. The switching technique will
decide the best route for data
transmission.
What is Network Switching?
A communication system may include number
of switches and nodes
At broad level, switching can be divided into
two major categories:
Connectionless: The data is forwarded on behalf of forwarding
tables. No previous handshaking is required and
acknowledgements are optional.
Connection Oriented: Before switching data to be forwarded to
destination, there is a need to pre-establish circuit along the path
between both endpoints. Data is then forwarded on that circuit.
After the transfer is completed, circuits can be kept for future use
or can be turned down immediately.
Circuit Switching
Circuit switching is defined as the establishment of a dedicated
communication path between the two parties, or nodes, within a
physical network. This path (circuit) is established and maintained for
the duration of the session. No matter the length of the
communication session, the circuit will remain and the data paths
maintained. The circuit is only terminated when the session ends. The
session consists of three phases: circuit establishment, data
transfer, and circuit termination/disconnect.
This type of network switching is well suited for voice communications
and applications.
Packet Switching
Packet switching is defined as the process of
breaking down messages into small components,
called packets. Switching information (source and
destination) is then included in the header
information of the packet. Each packet then
independently navigates its way using the
information, through the network to its destination.
Because the messages transmitted are smaller
packets, there is less demand for resources on
intermediate network devices.
MESSAGE SWITCHING
Message switching was a technique developed as an
alternate to circuit switching, before packet switching was
introduced. In message switching, end users communicate
by sending and receiving messages that included the entire
data to be shared. Messages are the smallest individual unit.
Also, the sender and receiver are not directly connected.
There are a number of intermediate nodes transfer data and
ensure that the message reaches its destination. Message
switched data networks are hence called hop-by-hop
systems.
They provide 2 distinct and important characteristics:
Store and forward – The intermediate nodes have the responsibility of
transferring the entire message to the next node. Hence, each node must
have storage capacity. A message will only be delivered if the next hop and
the link connecting it are both available, otherwise it’ll be stored
indefinitely. A store-and-forward switch forwards a message only if
sufficient resources are available and the next hop is accepting data. This
is called the store-and-forward property.
Message delivery – This implies wrapping the entire information in a
single message and transferring it from the source to the destination node.
Each message must have a header that contains the message routing
information, including the source and destination.
Message switching network consists of transmission links
(channels), store-and-forward switch nodes and end stations as
shown in the following picture:
