Family Planning
Brief Description of Program
- A national mandated priority public health program
to attain the country's national health development:
- health intervention program and an important tool
for the improvement of the health and welfare of
mothers, children and other members of the family.
- It also provides information and services for the
couples of reproductive age to plan their family
according to their beliefs and circumstances
through legally and medically acceptable family
planning methods.
Basic Principles
1. Responsible Parenthood
2. Respect for Life.
3. Birth Spacing
4.Informed Choice
Artificial Methods of Family Planning
1. Birth control pills
•Birth control pills are a
synthetic form of the
hormones progesterone and
estrogen.
•They prevent ovulation by
maintaining more consistent
hormone levels.
Advantages of Pills Disadvantages:
1. Reduce painful menstruations 1. Nausea
2.Regulates menstrual
cycle 2. Does not protect from
STD
3. Reduce menstrual
flow 3. Client dependent
4. Can be stop easily
5. Easily need available
Danger sign to stop Using pills:
J– Jaundice
A– Abdominal pain
C– Chest Pain
H– Headache
E– Eye problem
S– Severe leg pain
2. Intra-uterine contraceptives
(IUD)
•An intrauterine device (IUD) is a small device which is
placed into the uterine cavity.
•IUDs are safe, relatively inexpensive, and provide extremely
effective long-term contraception.
Advantages: Disadvantages:
•Second most effective method,
rivaling surgical sterilization in
preventing pregnancy •Does not protect from
STD
•The IUD is effective •Spotting w/in 3 mos.
for at least 10 years.
•Prevents ectopic pregnancies
•Very low cost over time.
Convenient. Safe. Private.
3. Female condoms
•The FC female condom is a polyurethane sheath or pouch
about 17 cm (6.5 inches) in length.
•At the closed end of the sheath, the flexible ring is
inserted into the vagina to hold the female condom in
place.
•This ring acts as a guide during penetration and it also
stops the sheath bunching up inside the vagina.
Advantage Disadvantages:
s:
• Opportunity for women • The outer ring or frame is
to share the responsibility visible outside the vagina,
for the condoms with their which can make some women
partners feel self-conscious
• A woman may be able to
use the female condom if her • Some women find the
partner refuses to use the female condom hard to
male condom insert and to remove
• It is relatively expensive and
• The female condom will relatively limited in availability
protect against most STDs in some countries
and pregnancy if used
• It is recommended that
correctly
the female condom be
used only once
4. Male Condoms
- A male condom helps protect partners from
pregnancy and reproductive tract infections,
including HIV/AIDS.
-It works by providing a barrier between
partners so that bodily fluids, like semen,
blood, and saliva, are not shared.
Advantages: Disadvantages
• Prevents the spread of
sexually transmitted • Must be readily available
infections, including HIV
and AIDS.
• Can break or leak.
• Birth control for men.
• Possible allergic reaction.
• Available without a prescription.
• Decreased sensation for
• No hormonal side effects. some people.
5. Injections/Shots
Contains hormone progesterone, long acting
method which slowly releases hormone,
thicken cervical mucus which hampers sperm
transport through endometrium.
Advantages: Disadvantages:
• Maybe used by • Increase appetites
most breast in all users
feeding mother.
• Delay in return
• Protect against
for fertility
ectopic
pregnancy
• Offers no
protection againts
STD
Permanent Method
6. Tubal ligation :
•Tubal ligation is a permanent
voluntary form of birth control
(contraception) in which a woman's
fallopian tubes are surgically cut or
blocked off to prevent pregnancy.
Purpose:
•Tubal ligation is performed in women who want to prevent fut
pregnancies.
•It is frequently chosen by women who do not want more
children, but who are still sexually active and potentially
fertile, and want to be free of the limitations of other
types of birth control.
Risk:
•While major complications are uncommon after tubal
ligation, there are risks with any surgical procedure.
Possible side effects include infection and bleeding.
Normal Results:
•After having her tubes tied, a woman does not need to
use any form of birth control to avoid pregnancy. Tubal
ligation is almost 100% effective for the prevention of
conception.
7. Implants (hormonal)
A small rod place under the skin in
the upper arm by a health care
provider, 99% prevention
The implant last for 3-5 years,
releases progestin to stop the
ovaries from releasing eggs
8. Vaginal Ring(hormonal)
A flexible ring that is inserted in the
vagina every month, 93% prevention
It releases hormones that stop
releasing eggs and thickens cervical
mucus, so it is difficult for the sperm
to enter
9. Patch (hormonal)
It is applied like a sticker weekly to
approved areas of skin and prove 93%
prevention
10. Spermicide and Gels
It is made of sperm killing chemicals,
such as foams, suppositories or film,
79-86 % prevention
Natural Methods Of Family Planning
1. Basal Body temperature
•is the body temperature measured immediately after
awakening and before any physical activity has been
undertaken
•monitoring of BBTs is one way of estimating the day of ovulation.
2. Billing Ovulation Method:
•is a method which women use to monitor their fertility,
by identifying when they are fertile and when they are
infertile during each menstrual cycle.
•This information can be used to achieve or avoid
pregnancy during regular or irregular cycles,
breastfeeding, and peri-menopause.
n
d
3. Cervical Mucus Method:
s
t
•This method involves looking
r at the discharge or
cervical mucus during youre monthly cycle.
t
c
h
Two day method: e
s
•The Two Day method (or two-day method) of natural
family planning has replacedmthe old cervical mucus
method as the method of choiceo for a woman who wants
to predict fertility based on her
r body's signs.
e
•To use the TwoDay Method, women monitor themselves
t
each day to determine whether or not they experience
any secretions that day. h
a
n
p
r
Benefits of the Two Day Method:
•The TwoDay Method of fertility awareness is easy to use,
easy to teach, effective, and may fill a gap in needed
services for the many women who currently are not
protecting themselves from unwanted pregnancy.
•the TwoDay Method is practical for women who may
have unusually long cycles (over 32 days), unusually
short cycles (under 26 days), or irregular cycles.
•This method teaches women about their bodies and
empowers them to work with their male partners to avoid
unwanted pregnancies
4. Standard Days Method:
•The Standard Days Method (SDM) is a
relatively new method of natural family
planning.
•It can be used to help you and your partner avoid
unwanted pregnancies.
Using Standard Days Method:
•All you need to do is keep track of how long your
menstrual cycle is, in order to determine when Days 8
through 19 occur.
1. When the first day of your period
arrives, this is Day1 of your cycle.
Mark this on your calendar.
2. Between Day 1 and Day 7, it is highly unlikely
that you will become pregnant, so it is safe to
participate in sexual intercourse without using
birth control.
3. Between Day 8 and Day 19, you are at your most fertile.
You and your partner should abstain from sex or you
should use an alternate type of birth control, such as a
condom.
4. Between Day 20 and 32 you are unlikely to get
pregnant, so you can resume sexual intercourse.
5. Lactation Amenorrhea
Method:
•Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) suppresses
ovulation because suckling (breast feeding by the baby)
changes the body's physiology so that ovulation does not
occur. No egg, no pregnancy.
Advantages:
•Decreased post-partum bleeding.
•Effective immediately
•Does not interfere with intercourse
•No cost, no side effects
•Can be used by anyone who is exclusively using breast
feeding as the baby's nutrition.
Disadvantages:
•Highly effective only until period returns or up to 6 months.
•May need to use a lubricant because of vaginal dryness.
•May be difficult to do if you return to the workplace
before the baby is 6 months old.
•Doesn't work if baby does not suckle frequently
6. Withdrawal Method
It prevents pregnancy by 78% by
pulling the penis out of the vagina
before ejaculation
