Introduction to
Computers
________
Danish Ali
Contents
Types of Computers
• Supercomputer
• Mainframes
• Minicomputers
• Microcomputer
• Workstation Computer
Super Computer:
A supercomputer is an extremely
powerful and high-performance
computing machine that can perform
complex calculations and process vast
amounts of data at incredibly high
speeds. These machines are used for
tasks that require massive
computational power, such as
scientific simulations, weather
modeling, nuclear simulations, and
advanced cryptography.
Key Characteristics
1. Processing Power: Supercomputers are characterized by their
exceptional processing capabilities. They typically have a large number
of processors or cores, allowing them to execute multiple instructions
simultaneously.
2. High-Speed Interconnects: Supercomputers require high-speed
interconnections between processors to facilitate rapid communication
and data exchange. This is crucial for efficient parallel processing.
3. Advanced Cooling Systems: Due to the intense computational activity,
supercomputers generate a significant amount of heat. They are equipped
with cooling systems to prevent overheating and ensure optimal
performance.
To be Cont'd
4. Large-Scale Memory: Supercomputers have substantial memory (RAM) to
accommodate the large datasets and complex algorithms they process.
•Examples of supercomputers is IBM's
Summit located at Oak Ridge National
Laboratory and Fugaku developed by RIKEN
and Fujitsu, which is currently the fastest
supercomputer in the world.
Examples of •Supercomputers represent the cutting edge of
supercomputers computational technology, and their
development continues to push the boundaries
of what is possible in terms of speed and
complexity in computing.
Mainframes
Computer
A mainframe computer, informally
called a mainframe or big iron, is a
computer used primarily by large
organizations for critical
applications like bulk data
processing for tasks such as
censuses, industry and consumer
statistics, enterprise resource
planning, and large-scale
transaction processing.
Key Characteristics
1. Processing Power: Mainframes are known for their immense processing
power, capable of executing millions of instructions per second. This makes
them ideal for handling complex and intensive tasks.
2. Security: Mainframes are equipped with robust security features to protect
sensitive data. They often include hardware-level encryption, access controls,
and auditing capabilities.
3. Batch Processing: Mainframes excel at batch processing, where large
volumes of data are processed in predefined sequences without user
interaction. This is especially important for tasks like payroll processing and
financial transactions.
To be Cont'd
4. Multi-User Support: Mainframes support multiple users concurrently, allowing
various applications and workloads to run simultaneously without compromising
performance.
Mainframe Components
1. Central Processing Unit (CPU): The mainframe's CPU is responsible for executing
instructions and performing calculations.
2. Memory (RAM): Mainframes have large and high-speed memory to support the
quick retrieval and processing of data.
3. Input/Output (I/O) Subsystems: Mainframes are equipped with advanced I/O
subsystems to efficiently handle data input and output.
4. Storage: Mainframes use high-capacity and high-speed storage systems, often based
on technologies like magnetic disks or tape drives.
5. Operating System: Mainframes typically run specialized operating systems, such as
IBM z/OS or UNISYS MCP, optimized for stability.
Mainframe Uses
1. Financial Transactions: Mainframes are widely used in the banking and financial
sector for processing transactions, managing accounts, and ensuring the security of
sensitive financial data.
2. Healthcare Systems: Mainframes play a crucial role in managing electronic health
records, processing medical claims, and supporting healthcare applications.
3. Telecommunications: Mainframes are utilized in telecommunications for handling
call processing, billing, and network management.
4. Government Systems: Governments often rely on mainframes for large-scale data
processing, citizen services, and secure data storage.
Minicomputers
A minicomputer is a type of computer that
possesses most of the features and capabilities of
a large computer but is smaller in physical size.
Characteristics of Minicomputer
• Its weight is low.
• Because of its low weight, it is easy to carry
anywhere.
• less expensive than a mainframe computer.
• It is fast.
Micro Computer
A microcomputer is any electronic device that has a
microprocessor, which acts as a central processor. Examples
of microcomputers range from tablets and smartphones to
desktop computers and laptops.
Microcomputer Uses
Microcomputers are used for a variety of tasks such as word processing,
spreadsheets, gaming, communication and collaboration, research, specialty
software, and more. Businesses rely on microcomputers to increase their
efficiency by streamlining specific jobs that would otherwise be tedious or
unachievable. Cloud access allows businesses to quickly and securely share data
with customers, colleagues, and vendors.
Examples of Microcomputers
Examples of microcomputers include desktop computers, laptop
computers, and tablet, smartphones also fall under the category of
microcomputers.
Workstation Computer
A workstation computer is designed for technical or
scientific applications. It consists of a fast microprocessor,
with a large amount of RAM and a high-speed graphic
adapter. It is a single-user computer. It is generally used to
perform a specific task with great accuracy.
Characteristics of Workstation Computer
• It is expensive or high in cost.
• They are exclusively made for complex work purposes.
• It provides large storage capacity, better graphics, and a
more powerful CPU when compared to a PC.
• It is also used to handle animation, audio and video
creation, and editing.
