MicroLink Information Technology College
Course Title :Internet Programming
Assessment Methods:
Attendance : 10%
Quiz:5%
Project :20%
Assignment :20%
Mid Exam: 15%
Final Exam:30%
08/05/2025 1
Course Outline
Chapter 1: Internet Technologies
Chapter 2 : HTML
Chapter 3 :Styling HTML with CSS
Chapter 4 :JavaScript
Chapter 5 :Server-side programming
Internet Technologies
and Protocols
• What is Internet?
It is a world-wide global system of interconnected computer
networks.
A computer network is the interconnection of many individual
computers to exchange message.
Network is a group of two or more computer connected together.
Every computer in internet is identified by a unique IP address. IP
Address is a unique set of numbers which identifies a computer
location.
Domain Name server (DNS) is used to give name to the IP Address
so that user can locate a computer by a name.
Advantage of Internet
Information sharing
Communication i.e social networking
Sharing of resource
Disadvantage of Internet
Threat to personal information
Virus attack
Spamming
Cyber crime
Terminology
• On-line
You may sometimes hear people talk about “being on-line”.
This is just another way of saying that they are using the
Internet
World-Wide-Web (WWW)
Tim Berners-Lee, a physicist in Switzerland, invented the
World Wide Web in 1992 as a way to organize and
access information on the Internet.
Web browser
web browser is a program that runs on users' computers
and allows them to view and interact with the web pages
on the World Wide Web. The most common web browsers
are called Internet Explorer and Google Chrome
Cont’s
Hypertext
Hypertext is a text document that contains links
to other text document.
It allows a user to move from one web page to
another by using a mouse to click on special
hypertext links.
Webpage
Webpage is a single document that may contain
text, graphics, and icon.
They are created using HTML
Cont’s
Web site
It is a group of well-structured and interlinked webpages.
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
To visit a Web site, users type the URL, which is the site's address,
into the web browser. An example of a URL is www.yahoo.com.
A complete URL is generally made up of three components: the
protocol, the site name, and the absolute path to the document or
resource as shown in the figure below:
Cont’s
Web server
A web server is a computer that stores a web site, and is responsible for
checking requests for viewing that web site.
Client computers send requests for particular URLs to the web server, which
then finds the appropriate web page, and sends it back to the client computer.
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
company that provides Internet connections to customers.
Protocol
It is a set of rules that govern the communication.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/HTTPS)
It is a communications protocol.
It defines mechanism for communication between browser and the web server.
It is also called request and response protocol because the communication
between browser and server takes place in request and response pairs. Simply,
it is the means by which computers on the WWW communicate.
HTTPS is the secure version of HTTP. It is used on web sites where sensitive
information such as bank details is exchanged.
Cont’s
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
It is the language used to write web pages on the WWW.
Extensible Markup Language (XML)
It is an alternative language for writing web pages. Whereas HTML pages
describe the format of the data’s presentation, pages written in XML describe
only how the data is structured.
XML provides a standard format for the movement of data in and between
applications.
The data in an XML file usually requires some other application to interpret the
data and display it in a useful format.
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
It is a group of experts who meet regularly to develop common protocols for
the evolution of the WWW.
The W3C agrees on standards for HTML, XML and other web technologies, and
for how web browsers should interpret them.
Web development tools
A number of tools exist for use by web authors (i.e. people who
write web sites).
o HTML/XML: HTML and XML are the two main languages used
for writing web pages. Web authors can use a simple text
editor such as Notepad to enter the HTML/XML commands. The
final page can then be viewed using a web browser.
Client-server architecture
The data processing is split into distinct parts. A part is either
requester (client) or provider (server). The client sends during the
data processing one or more requests to the servers to perform
specified tasks. The server part provides services for the clients
Website validation
Authorship: Who put up the site?
Purpose: Every site has a reason for being on the
web
Content & Currency
Technical Aspects
Putting it all together: If the website you found
provides:
Author name, acceptable author credentials and a way to contact the
author.
A clear statement of purpose or mission.
accurate information (as measured by the citations for information on
the site OR by what you already know about the topic OR by comparing
it to information from an authoritative source)
up-to-date information
