GOOD
MORNING
HEALTH CARE OF
COMMUNITY
M.NAZNEEN FARATH
22D2539
CONTENTS:
• Introduction
• Concepts of health care
• Health system
• Levels of health care
INTRODUCTION:
• Health has been declared a fundamental human right.
• National government all over the world are striving to expand and
improve their health care services.
• Current criticism against health care service is that:
1. Predominant urban-oriented
2. Mostly curative in nature
3. Accessible mainly to small part of the population.
HEALTH CARE:
DEFINITION:
It is defined as a “multitude of service rendered to
individual, families or communities by the agents of the
health services or professions, for the purpose of promoting,
maintaining or restoring health”.
CONCEPT OF HEALTH CARE
• Health is multifactorial: Influenced by food, housing, sanitation, healthy lifestyle,
environmental and disease
• Health care is broader than medical care:
1. Medical care is a subset of health care.
2. Health care includes preventive, promotive, curative, and rehabilitative
services.
• Medical care: Focuses on services rendered by physicians or under physician
supervision, especially hospital-based care.
• Health care is a public right:
1. It is the responsibility of the government to provide health care
equally to all.
2. Recognized globally and enshrined in many constitutions including
India.
• Health care system:
1. Complex and varies by country.
2. In India, it is largely a government function.
HEALTH SYSTEM
• Designed to meet community health needs using available knowledge
and resources.
• Health services are delivered through a “health system” — includes
management and organizational aspects.
• Two Key Themes in Health Delivery:
• Universal Access: Services must meet the needs of entire
populations, not just selected groups. It should include:
• Preventive
• Curative
• Rehabilitative services
• These are part of the basic social services.
• Primary health care: is the best method to reach underserved
rural and urban poor
• Needs to be supported by an appropriate referral system
for efficiency.
• Community Participation:
• Recognized as a major component of the health care system.
• Involves people actively in treatment, promotion, and
prevention aspects.
LEVELS OF HEALTH CARE
• Healthcare services are categorized into three levels based on
complexity:
1. Primary Care Level
• First contact for individuals, families, and communities with the
national health system.
• Also called "essential health care".
• Deals with common health problems that can be resolved at the
local level.
• Most cost-effective and adapted to local needs.
• In India:
• Delivered through Primary Health Centres (PHCs) and subcentres.
• Staffed by multipurpose health workers, village health guides,
and trained dais.
• Health teams help bridge cultural and communication gaps between
rural populations and the organized health sector.
• Reorganized under the “Health for All by 2000 AD” initiative to
improve efficiency.
2. Secondary Health Care
• Next level of care after primary (also called intermediate care).
• Manages more complex health problems requiring specialized attention.
• In India, this care is provided by:
• District hospitals
• Community health centres (CHCs)
• These also serve as the first referral level.
3. Tertiary health care
• Most specialized level of health care.
• Requires advanced facilities and highly trained specialists.
• Provided by.
• Medical Hospitals
• All India Institutes
• Regional hospitals
• Specialized hospitals
• Apex institutions
BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Park’s textbook of preventive and social medicine- K Park
• Essential of public health dentistry (community dentistry)-
Soben Peter
Thank you
