OBJECTIVES:

By the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

a. Identify the text structure used in journalistic texts,
documentaries, and vlogs;
b. Compare similarities and differences in structure among
the three formats using a Three Venn diagram;
c. Evaluate the effectiveness of a given text, documentary
excerpt, or vlog in delivering its message using structure
analysis chart.
 Pre-Assessment
On a 1/4 sheet of paper. Answer the following questions to the best of your
ability.

1. What is the common purpose of using a chronological

structure in a text?
A. To compare two different ideas
B. To describe a problem and its solution
C. To present events in the order they happened
D. To confuse then reader
2. Which text structure is most commonly
used in news articles to report on events?
A. Narrative
B. Cause and effect
C. Problem and solution
D. Chronological or inverted pyramid
3. Why is understanding a text’s structure
important?
A. It helps you memorize every sentence
B. It helps make meaning clearer and
easier to follow
C. It helps you write shorter paragraph
D. It makes a text more poetic
4. Why is understanding text structure important
when analyzing different formats of
communication?
A. It helps find spelling errors
B. It allows readers to judge the writer’s opinions
C. It makes it easier to understand how ideas
are organized and communicated clearly
D. It lets reader rewrite the text in their own
style.
Understanding Text Structures
Journalistic texts: inverted pyramid
(most important info first), headline +
lead + body + conclusion.
Inverted Pyramid
◦Is a writing structure often used in
journalism and professional
communication. It presents information in
descending order of importance, helping
readers quickly grasp the most critical
details.
 Example of Inverted Pyramid

News Story: “City Implements Water

Restrictions”
1.Most Important Information (Lead)
“Due to an ongoing drought, the City of
Brookville has announced mandatory water
restrictions starting Monday to conserve
water.”
2. Key Details
“Residents are prohibited from watering
lawns, washing cars, and filing pools
between 7 AM and 9PM. Violators may face
fines up to $500. The restrictions will
remain in place until further notice.”
3. Background/Additional Info
“Brookville has experienced below-average
rainfall for six consecutive months. The
city’s main reservoir is currently at 35%
capacity. Similar restrictions were
implemented during the 2018 drought,
which helped reduce water usage by 20%.”
Documentaries: narrative arc or
thematic segments, interviews,
visuals, evidence.
Narrative arc or thematic
segments
◦A Narrative Arc in documentary is the
story structure – the way the film unfolds
over time to keep the viewer engaged.
Even though documentaries are based on
real life, many are crafted to follow a
storytelling curve just like fiction.
Common Structure of a Narrative
Arc
1.Exposition – Introduces the topic,
characters, and setting.
2.Rising Action – Builds tension;
presents problems or conflicts.
3.Climax – The most intense or
emotional moment; a turning point.
4. Falling Action –Begins to resolve
the story.
5. Resolution – Brings closure or
leaves viewers with questions or
reflection.
Example:
In a documentary about climate change:
Exposition: Introduces global warming and
scientists studying it.
Rising Action: Shows extreme weather
events, political debates.
Climax: A major climate disaster strikes.
Falling Action: Communities respond
and adapt.
Resolution: Final thoughts on what the
future holds.
Thematic Segments
◦Rather than one continuous story,
thematic segments break the
documentary into sections based on
topics or themes. This is common in
educational or issue – based
documentaries.
 Example
◦A documentary on plastic pollution might
be divided into:
◦Segment 1: How plastic is made
◦Segment 2: Its impact on oceans.
◦Segment 3: Effects on human health.
◦Segment 4: Solutions and future
innovations
Key Differences:
◦Narrative Arc – talks about emotional
or dramatic story flow (like storytelling)
◦Thematic segments – talks about
logical or topic-based organization (like
chapters)
Vlogs: conversational tone,
chronological or thematic structure,
personal perspective.
Common Types of Vlogs:
1.Daily Vlogs – capture everyday life,
routines, or events.
2.Travel Vlogs – showcase places,
cultures, and experiences while traveling.
3.Educational/Informational Vlogs –
Teach something or explain topics (e.g.,
how-tos, tutorials)
4. Behind the-Scenes Vlogs – offer a look
into someone’s work, creative process, or
production.
 Activity 1: “Structure Detective”
Directions: You will evaluate the
effectiveness of a given text, documentary
excerpt, or vlog in delivering its message in
filling out using a structure analysis chart.
 Structure Analysis Chart
a. Main purpose
b. How information is organized
c. Features that help clarity (e.g.,
quotes, sequencing)
d. Target audience
 GROUP 1- Read the short news
article.
“After six months of construction, the Westwood Public
Library reopened its doors on Monday. The $1.2 million
renovation added more study spaces, updated technology,
and a new teen reading area. “We wanted to create a
space that feels welcoming and useful for all ages,” said
library director Carla Nguyen. Community members
gathered for a ribbon-cutting ceremony and free library
tours. Officials hope the improvements will boost library
visits and community programs.”
 Group 2 → Read the documentary excerpt.
“Every morning before sunrise, Mang Tony wakes up to the sound of
roosters and the soft rustle of leaves in his small farm in Nueva Ecija.
He’s been planting rice by hand for over 40 years, just like his father
and grandfather before him. But today, things are different. The rains
are late. The soil is dry. And the cost of fertilizer has doubled. [Cut to
Mang Tony in the field, holding a dry stalk of rice.] MANG TONY
(interview): “Noong araw, siguradong may ani kahit papaano. Ngayon,
kahit anong sipag mo, minsan wala ka pa ring mapapala.” (Back then,
you could expect a harvest no matter what. Now, no matter how hard
you work, sometimes you still get nothing.)”
 Group 3 → Read the vlog excerpt.
“When I uploaded my first vlog, I expected maybe
ten views – mostly from friends. But the video got
500 views in two days. I talked about my first week
of high school, and I guess people related to it. That
week, I filmed almost everything – my locker, my
bus ride, even my lunch. It felt weird talking to a
camera at first, but now it feels like I’m talking to
future me… or the whole internet.
ACTIVITY 2: Compare and Contrast.

Instructions: You will compare the

similarities and differences in each structure
among the three formats using a Three
Venn diagram comparing the three formats
(in journalistic texts, documentaries, and
vlogs) in terms of:
Three Venn Diagram
 Three Formats:

a. Structure
b. Clarity of Meaning
c. Target Audience
CRITERIA 3- 4- VERY 5- EXCELLENT
GOOD GOOD
RELEVANCE Hardly Shows a fair Shows a good understanding of
shows understanding of concepts. Good job of research.
understandin concepts.
g of Acceptable job of
concepts. research.
Minimal job
of research.
CREATIVITY Quality of Quality of work is Quality of work is competent,
work is poor, fair, showing no showing some imagination.
showing no imagination.
imagination.
PARTICIPATION Hardly Shows minimal Shows outstanding group
shows group participations to participations to the group
participation the group activity. activity.
s to the
activity.
Directions: On a ¼ sheet of paper. Read and understand
the three given excerpts and last 2 general and synthesis
questions.
“The city’s new bike lane project aims to reduce traffic and promote
environmental health. Since its launch, local carbon emissions
have decreased by 12% and cyclist numbers have doubled.”
1. What text structure is primarily used in this excerpt?
A. Problem and solution
B. Cause and effect
C. Chronological order
D. Compare and contrast
“Each winter, thousands of monarch butterflies begin their
3,000-mile journey from Canada to Mexico. They travel in
groups, feeding on nectar and resting in trees until they
reach their final destination.”
2. What structure is being used to organize this
information?
A. Chronological/Sequence
B. Compare and contrast
C. Problem and solution
D. Descriptive
“I used to hate public speaking. I’d get nervous and
stumble over words. But after practicing with small
groups, I grew more confident and even gave a
speech at graduation.”
3. Which structure is used by the vlogger to clarify
personal growth?
A. Cause and effect
B. Description
C. Chronological
D. Problem and solution
4. Why is text structure important when
analyzing journalistic texts, documentaries, or
vlogs?
A. It adds humor to the content
B. It adds word count
C. It helps clarify the author’s message and the
audience’s understanding
D. It determines the font style used.
5. Which of the following best compares how
documentaries and vlogs use structure to support
meaning?
A. Documentaries used lists, while vlogs never use
structure
B. Vlogs use emotional appeal, while documentaries
only present facts
C. Both use narrative or sequence structures to guide
the viewer through ideas clearly
D. Documentaries are fictional, so structure is not
important.