Module 3 Big Data

Big Data
Big Data refers to large and complex datasets that are difficult to
manage, process, and analyze using traditional data processing
techniques. It is characterized by the Five Vs:
 Volume – Large amounts of data generated every second.
 Velocity – The speed at which data is created and processed.
 Variety – Different types of data (structured, semi-structured, and
unstructured).
 Veracity – The accuracy and reliability of data.
 Value – The usefulness of data in decision-making.

Big Data Terminology

Here are some key terms related to Big Data:
 Data Lake – A centralized repository that stores large amounts of raw
data.
 Data Warehouse – A system used for reporting and data analysis.
 ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) – The process of collecting,
cleaning, and loading data into storage.
 Machine Learning (ML) – Algorithms that learn from data to make
predictions.
 Artificial Intelligence (AI) – Simulating human intelligence using
data.
 IoT (Internet of Things) – Connected devices that generate real-
Hadoop & Spark – Big Data frameworks used for processing large
datasets.
How is Big Data Being Generated?
Big Data is generated from multiple sources, including:
 Internet & Social Media (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, YouTube)
 IoT Devices & Sensors (e.g., smart appliances, factory sensors)
 Mobile Applications & GPS Tracking
 Enterprise Systems (e.g., ERP, CRM, SCM systems)
 Online Transactions & E-commerce
 Healthcare Records & Medical Devices

Who is Using Big Data?

Big Data is used across various industries:
 Healthcare – Patient records, drug research, diagnostics.
 Retail & E-commerce – Personalized recommendations,
customer analytics.
 Banking & Finance – Fraud detection, risk assessment.
 Manufacturing – Predictive maintenance, process optimization.
 Supply Chain & Logistics – Demand forecasting, route
optimization.
How is Big Data Used in Manufacturing & Supply Chain
Management?
1. Predictive Maintenance
Sensors monitor machinery to predict potential failures before they occur.
Reduces downtime and increases efficiency.
2. Quality Control & Defect Detection
AI analyzes production data to detect defects early.
Improves product quality and reduces waste.
3. Demand Forecasting
Analyzes past sales and market trends to predict future demand.
Helps manufacturers optimize production and inventory.
4. Supply Chain Optimization
Uses real-time data for better logistics and distribution planning.
Reduces transportation costs and delivery times.
5. Smart Warehousing
IoT and robotics improve warehouse management.
Enhances inventory tracking and reduces human errors.
6. Energy & Resource Efficiency
Big Data helps optimize energy consumption in manufacturing plants.
Reduces costs and promotes sustainability.
Why is Big Data So Disruptive?
Big Data is disrupting industries because it transforms how
businesses operate, make decisions, and create value. The ability to
collect, process, and analyze massive amounts of data in real time leads
to smarter automation, improved efficiency, and entirely new business
models.

Key Reasons Why Big Data is Disruptive

1. Data-Driven Decision-Making
Traditional decision-making was based on intuition and limited historical
data. Big Data enables:
Real-time analytics for faster, more accurate decisions.
Predictive analytics to anticipate trends and customer behavior.
AI-powered insights that minimize human bias and errors.
Example: Retailers use AI-powered recommendation engines (like
Amazon) to personalize customer experiences, increasing sales.

2. Automation & AI Integration

Big Data fuels AI and machine learning, which automate complex
tasks:
Chatbots and virtual assistants (e.g., Siri, Alexa, customer service bots).
Automated fraud detection in banking.
Predictive maintenance in manufacturing.
3. Industry-Wide Transformation
Big Data is not just an IT innovation—it disrupts entire
industries

How Big Data is

Industry
Disrupting It
Personalized medicine, AI
Healthcare diagnostics, wearable health
tracking.
Algorithmic trading, fraud
Finance
prevention, risk management.
AI-powered shopping
Retail
experiences, dynamic pricing.
Smart factories, predictive
Manufacturing
maintenance, robotics.
Route optimization,
Logistics automated warehousing, real-
time tracking.
Hyper-targeted advertising,
4. Shift from Ownership to Data Monetization
Companies no longer just sell products; they monetize data.
Streaming services (Netflix, Spotify) analyze user data to optimize
content.
Car manufacturers collect driving data to improve vehicle designs and sell
insights.
Example: Google and Facebook disrupted advertising by monetizing user
data, shifting ad dollars away from traditional media.

5. Real-Time Insights & Hyper-Personalization

Big Data enables businesses to react instantly to customer needs:
Real-time fraud detection in banking.
Dynamic pricing (Uber surge pricing, airline tickets).
Personalized content recommendations on streaming platforms.
Example: Netflix’s recommendation engine saves the company $1
billion annually by reducing customer churn.

6. Breaking Down Traditional Business Models

Traditional companies focused on products; now they focus on services
& data.
Startups with data-driven models quickly outcompete legacy
companies.
Example: Airbnb disrupted the hotel industry without owning real estate,
7. Cost Reduction & Efficiency Gains
Predictive maintenance reduces factory downtime.
Supply chain optimization lowers shipping costs.
Automated fraud detection prevents financial losses.
Example: GE’s industrial IoT predicts when machines need
maintenance, saving millions.
As of March 2025, several technology trends are shaping various
industries, with Big Data playing a pivotal role in their development and
implementation.
1. Quantum Computing
Quantum computing is advancing rapidly, offering the potential to solve
complex problems beyond the reach of classical computers. Companies
like Rigetti Computing are developing processors with increased qubit
counts, aiming for a 36-qubit processor by mid-2025. However,
challenges such as significant operating losses and stiff competition
highlight the high-risk nature of the quantum computing sector.
Role of Big Data: Quantum computing can process vast datasets at
unprecedented speeds, enhancing data analysis capabilities and enabling
more sophisticated machine learning models.
2. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML)
AI and ML continue to transform industries by automating tasks,
enhancing decision-making, and creating personalized experiences. For
instance, Meta is enhancing its AI voice technology, with plans to
introduce advanced voice features in its latest large language model,
Llama 4, focusing on natural, conversational interactions.
Role of Big Data: AI and ML models require extensive datasets for
training and refinement. The availability of Big Data enables these
models to learn more accurately and perform complex tasks effectively.
3. Internet of Things (IoT)
The IoT connects everyday devices to the internet, allowing for real-time
4. Blockchain Technology
Blockchain extends beyond cryptocurrency, offering secure, transparent,
and tamper-proof transactions. It's being utilized in various sectors,
including supply chain management and finance, to enhance data integrity
and traceability.
Role of Big Data: Integrating Big Data with blockchain enhances data
security, transparency, and efficiency in data management, revolutionizing
data storage, access, and audits across various sectors.
5. Edge Computing
Edge computing processes data closer to its source, reducing latency and
improving performance. This approach is particularly beneficial for
applications requiring real-time processing, such as autonomous vehicles
and industrial automation.
Role of Big Data: Edge computing allows for the immediate analysis of
data generated by devices, enabling faster decision-making and reducing
the burden on centralized data centers.
6. 5G and Beyond
The rollout of 5G networks provides faster speeds, lower latency, and the
capacity to connect more devices. This advancement supports the
proliferation of IoT devices and enhances mobile experiences.
Role of Big Data: Enhanced connectivity leads to increased data
generation, which can be leveraged for analytics, improving services, and
developing new applications.
7. Sustainable Technology
Characteristics of Big Data (5 Vs)
Big Data is defined by five key characteristics:
 Volume – The vast amount of data generated every second from
sources like social media, sensors, and transactions.
 Velocity – The speed at which data is generated, collected, and
processed in real time.
 Variety – Data comes in different formats (structured, semi-
structured, unstructured) like text, images, videos, and logs.
 Veracity – The quality and reliability of data, which impacts decision-
making.
 Value – The business insights and benefits derived from analyzing
data.

Industry Examples of Big Data

1. Healthcare
Application: Predictive analytics for disease outbreaks, personalized
treatments, and real-time patient monitoring.
Example: Hospitals use AI-powered Big Data to analyze patient records
and detect early signs of diseases like cancer.
2. Retail & E-Commerce
Application: Personalized recommendations, dynamic pricing, and
supply chain optimization.
Example: Amazon’s recommendation engine analyzes browsing history
3. Manufacturing & Industry 4.0
Application: Predictive maintenance, process optimization, and quality
control.
Example: General Electric (GE) uses sensor data to predict equipment
failures before they happen, reducing downtime.

4. Financial Services
Application: Fraud detection, risk assessment, and automated trading.
Example: Banks use Big Data analytics to detect unusual transaction
patterns and prevent fraud in real time.

5. Logistics & Supply Chain

Application: Real-time tracking, demand forecasting, and route
optimization.
Example: FedEx and UPS use AI-driven analytics to optimize delivery
routes and reduce fuel consumption.

6. Smart Cities & IoT

Application: Traffic management, energy efficiency, and public safety.
Example: Smart traffic lights in cities like London analyze real-time
traffic data to reduce congestion.
Big Data Analysis & Visualization
1. Data Collection & Storage
Tools: Apache Hadoop, Amazon S3, Google BigQuery.
Purpose: Storing massive datasets in distributed systems for easy
access and processing.
2. Data Processing & Analysis
Tools: Apache Spark, Python (Pandas, NumPy), SQL, AI/ML models.
Purpose: Extracting insights from raw data using statistical models and
machine learning.
3. Data Visualization
Tools: Tableau, Power BI, D3.js, Python (Matplotlib, Seaborn).
Purpose: Presenting complex data in graphical formats (charts,
heatmaps, dashboards) for better understanding.
Big Data Storage, Ingestion, Visualization, Security, and Vendors
1. Big Data Storage
Big Data requires specialized storage solutions to handle large volumes,
high-speed access, and diverse data types. Storage can be
categorized into:
A. Types of Big Data Storage:
Distributed Storage: Data is stored across multiple nodes for scalability
and fault tolerance. (e.g., Apache Hadoop HDFS)
Cloud Storage: On-demand, scalable storage solutions in the cloud.
(e.g., AWS S3, Google Cloud Storage, Azure Blob Storage)
Data Warehouses: Structured storage optimized for analytics. (e.g.,
Amazon Redshift, Snowflake, Google BigQuery)
Data Lakes: Raw data storage that supports structured and unstructured
data. (e.g., Azure Data Lake, AWS Lake Formation)

2. Big Data Ingestion

Data ingestion is the process of collecting and moving data from various
sources into a storage system for further processing.
A. Batch Processing vs. Real-Time Ingestion:
Batch Processing: Data is collected, processed, and analyzed in chunks.
(e.g., Apache Hadoop, Talend)
Real-Time Streaming: Data is processed continuously in real-time. (e.g.,
Apache Kafka, Apache Flink, AWS Kinesis)
B. Data Ingestion Tools:
Apache NiFi – Automates the movement of data between systems.
Apache Sqoop – Transfers data between relational databases and
Hadoop.
Apache Kafka – Processes real-time streaming data.
Google Cloud Pub/Sub – Enables event-driven, real-time data
streaming.

3. Big Data Visualization

Data visualization helps businesses interpret complex datasets
through graphical representation.
A. Types of Visualizations:
Dashboards: Interactive tools for real-time data monitoring.
Graphs & Charts: Line charts, bar graphs, and pie charts to illustrate
trends.
Heatmaps: Show patterns in large datasets.
Geospatial Mapping: Visualizing geographic data.
B. Big Data Visualization Tools:
Tableau – Interactive dashboards for business intelligence.
Microsoft Power BI – Self-service data analytics with AI-driven
insights.
D3.js – A JavaScript library for creating interactive web-based
visualizations.
4. Big Data Security
With the increasing volume of data, security is a major concern.
Organizations must ensure data privacy, prevent breaches, and comply
with regulations.
A. Key Security Challenges:
Data Breaches & Cyberattacks – Hackers target sensitive data.
Data Integrity – Ensuring data is accurate and untampered.
Compliance Regulations – GDPR, HIPAA, and CCPA require strict data
governance.
B. Security Solutions & Best Practices:
Encryption: Protects data at rest and in transit (e.g., AES-256, SSL/TLS).
Access Control: Role-based access control (RBAC) restricts
unauthorized access.
Anomaly Detection: AI-driven security tools detect unusual data
patterns.
Data Masking: Hides sensitive information to protect user privacy.
C. Big Data Security Tools:
Apache Ranger – Provides security policies and access control.
IBM Guardium – Ensures compliance and protects sensitive data.
Splunk – Security information and event management (SIEM) for real-
time threat detection.
5. Big Data Vendors
Several vendors offer solutions for Big Data storage, processing,
analytics, and security.
A. Cloud-Based Big Data Platforms:
Amazon Web Services (AWS) – Offers S3, Redshift, EMR, and Kinesis
for data processing.
Google Cloud Platform (GCP) – Provides BigQuery, Cloud Pub/Sub, and
AI/ML tools.
Microsoft Azure – Features Azure Data Lake, Azure Synapse Analytics,
and AI services.
B. Open-Source Big Data Technologies:
Apache Hadoop – Distributed storage and processing framework.
Apache Spark – Fast data processing engine for real-time analytics.
Elasticsearch – Search and analytics engine for Big Data.
C. Enterprise Big Data Solutions:
Snowflake – Cloud-based data warehousing with advanced analytics.
Cloudera – Enterprise Big Data solutions based on Hadoop and Spark.
Databricks – Unified platform for AI and Big Data analytics.
Big Data
  Introduction to Big Data
 What is Data?
The quantities, characters, or symbols on which operations are performed
by a computer, which may be stored and transmitted in the form of
electrical signals and recorded on magnetic, optical, or mechanical
recording media.
 What is Big Data?
Big Data is also data but with a huge size. Big Data is a term used to
describe a collection of data that is huge in volume and yet growing
exponentially with time. In short such data is so large and complex that
none of the traditional data management tools are able to store it or
process it efficiently.

 “Extremely large data sets that may be analyzed computationally to

reveal patterns , trends and association, especially relating to human
behavior and interaction are known as Big Data.”
 Examples Of Big Data
Following are some the examples of Big Data-
 The New York Stock Exchange generates about one terabyte of
new trade data per day.
 Social Media
The statistic shows that 500+terabytes of new data get ingested into
the databases of social media site Facebook, every day. This data is
mainly generated in terms of photo and video uploads, message
exchanges, putting comments etc.
TWITTER

 A single Jet engine can generate 10+terabytes of data in 30 minutes

of flight time. With many thousand flights per day, generation of
data reaches up to many Petabytes.
 Tabular Representation of various
Memory Sizes

Name Equal To Size(In Bytes)

Bit 1 bit 1/8
Nibble 4 bits 1/2 (rare)
Byte 8 bits 1
Kilobyte 1024 bytes 1024
Megabyte 1, 024kilobytes 1, 048, 576
Gigabyte 1, 024 1, 073, 741, 824
megabytes
Terrabyte 1, 024 gigabytes 1, 099, 511, 627, 776
Petabyte 1, 024 1, 125, 899, 906, 842, 624
terrabytes
Exabyte 1, 024 1, 152, 921, 504, 606, 846, 976
petabytes
Zettabyte 1, 024 exabytes 1, 180, 591, 620, 717, 411, 303, 424

Yottabyte 1, 024 1, 208, 925, 819, 614, 629, 174, 706, 176
zettabytes
  Characteristics Of Big Data

• The following are known as “Big Data Characteristics”.

1. Volume
2. Velocity
3. Variety
4. Veracity
1. Volume:
Volume means “How much Data is generated”. Now-a-days,
Organizations or Human Beings or Systems are generating or
getting very vast amount of Data say TB(Tera Bytes) to PB(Peta
Bytes) to Exa Byte(EB) and more.
2.
Velocity:
Velocity means “How fast produce Data”. Now-a-
days, Organizations or Human Beings or Systems are
generating huge amounts of Data at very fast rate.

3. Variety:
Variety means “Different forms of Data”. Now-a-days,
Organizations or Human Beings or Systems are
generating very huge amount of data at very fast rate in
different formats. We will discuss in details about
different formats of Data soon.
4. Veracity
Veracity means “The Quality or Correctness or Accuracy
of Captured Data”.
Out of 4Vs, it is most important V for any Big Data
Solutions. Because without
Correct Information or Data, there is no use of storing
large amount of data at fast rate and different formats.
That data should give correct business value.
  Types of Digital Data
1. Structured
2. Unstructured
3. Semi-structured

 Structured
 Any data that can be stored, accessed and processed in the form of fixed
format is termed as a 'structured' data.
 Over the period of time, talent in computer science has achieved greater
success in developing techniques for working with such kind of data (where
the format is well known in advance) and also deriving value out of it.
 However, nowadays, we are foreseeing issues when a size of such data
grows to a huge extent, typical sizes are being in the range of multiple
zettabytes.

 Do you know? 1021 bytes equal to 1 zettabyte or one billion terabytes forms a
zettabyte. Looking at these figures one can easily understand why the
name Big Data is given and imagine the challenges involved in its
 Do you know? Data stored in a relational database
management system is one example of a 'structured'
data.

• Examples Of Structured Data

An 'Employee' table in a database is an example of
Structured Data
Employee_ID Employee_N Gende Departme Salary_In_l
ame r nt acs
2365 Rajesh Male Finance 650000
Kulkarni
3398 Pratibha Joshi Female Admin 650000
7465 Shushil Roy Male Admin 500000
7500 Shubhojit Das Male Finance 500000
7699 Priya Sane Female Finance 550000
 Unstructured
 Any data with unknown form or the structure is classified as
unstructured data.
 In addition to the size being huge, un-structured data poses
multiple challenges in terms of its processing for deriving
value out of it.
 A typical example of unstructured data is a heterogeneous
data source containing a combination of simple text files,
images, videos etc.
 Now day organizations have wealth of data available with them
but unfortunately, they don't know how to derive value out of it
since this data is in its raw form or unstructured format.
• Examples Of Un-structured Data
The output returned by 'Google Search'
 Semi-structured
 Semi-structured data can contain both the forms of data.
 We can see semi-structured data as a structured in form but it is actually not
defined with e.g. a table definition in relational DBMS.
 Example of semi-structured data is a data represented in an XML file.

 Examples Of Semi-structured Data

Personal data stored in an XML file-
<rec><name>Prashant
Rao</name><sex>Male</sex>
<age>35</age></rec>
<rec><name>Seema
R.</name><sex>Female</sex
><age>41</age></rec>
<rec><name>Satish
Mane</name><sex>Male</se
x><age>29</age></rec>
<rec><name>Subrato
  Big Data Analytics
 Big Data Analytics:
 Big Data analytics is the process of collecting,
organizing and analyzing large sets of data (called
Big Data) to discover patterns and other useful
information.
 Big Data analytics can help organizations to better
understand the information contained within the
data and will also help identify the data that is most
important to the business and future business
decisions. Analysts working with Big Data
typically want the knowledge that comes from
analyzing the data.
 High-Performance Analytics Required:
 To analyze such a large volume of data, Big Data
analytics is typically performed using specialized
software tools and applications for predictive
analytics, data mining, text mining, forecasting
and data optimization.
 Collectively these processes are separate but
highly integrated functions of high-performance
analytics.
 Using Big Data tools and software enables an
organization to process extremely large volumes of data
that a business has collected to determine which data is
relevant and can be analyzed to drive better business
decisions in the future.
 The Challenges:
 For most organizations, Big Data analysis is a
challenge. Consider the sheer volume of data and
the different formats of the
data(both structured and unstructured data) that is
collected across the entire organization and the many
different ways different types of data can be
combined, contrasted and analyzed to find patterns
and other useful business information.
 The first challenge is in breaking down data
silos to access all data an organization stores
in different places and often in different
systems.
 A second challenge is in creating platforms that can
pull in unstructured data as easily as structured data.
 This massive volume of data is typically so large
that it's difficult to process using traditional database
and software methods.
 How Big Data Analytics is Used Today:
 As the technology that helps an organization to break down data silos
and analyze data improves, business can be transformed in all sorts
of ways.
 Today's advances in analyzing big data allow researchers to decode
human DNA in minutes, predict where terrorists plan to attack,
determine which gene is mostly likely to be responsible for certain
diseases and, of course, which ads you are most likely to respond to on
Facebook.
 Another example comes from one of the biggest mobile carriers in the
world.
 France's Orange launched its Data for Development project by
releasing subscriber data for customers in the Ivory Coast.
 The 2.5 billion records, which were made anonymous, included
details on calls and text messages exchanged between 5 million users.
 Researchers accessed the data and sent Orange proposals for how the
data could serve as the foundation for development projects to improve
public health and safety.
 Proposed projects included one that showed how to improve public
safety by tracking cell phone data to map where people went after
 The Benefits of Big Data Analytics:

 Enterprises are increasingly looking to find actionable insights into

their data. Many big data projects originate from the need to answer
specific business questions. With the right big data analytics
platforms in place, an enterprise can boost sales, increase efficiency,
and improve operations, customer service and risk management.
 Webopedia parent company, QuinStreet, surveyed 540 enterprise
decision- makers involved in big data purchases to learn which
business areas companies plan to use Big Data analytics to improve
operations. About half of all respondents said they were applying big
data analytics to improve customer retention, help with product
development and gain a competitive advantage.
 Notably, the business area getting the most attention relates to
increasing
efficiency and optimizing operations. Specifically, 62 percent of
respondents said that they use big data analytics to improve speed and
reduce complexity.
 Application of Big Data
 Here is the list of top Big Data applications in today’s
world:


Big Data in Healthcare

Big Data in Education

Big Data in E-commerce

Big Data in Media and Entertainment

Big Data in Finance

Big Data in Travel Industry

Big Data in Telecom

Big Data in Automobile
  Let’s discuss the applications of Big
Data in detail.
1. Big Data in Retail
 The retail industry is the one that faces the most fierce
competition of all. Retailers constantly hunt for ways that
will give them a competitive edge over others. Customers
are the real king sounds legit for the retail industry in
particular.
 For retailers to thrive in this competitive world, they need
to understand their customers in a better way. If they are
aware of their customers’ needs and how to fulfill those
needs in the best possible way, then they know
everything.
 Check how Big Data act as a weapon for retailers to connect
with their customers – Big Data in Retail.
 Through advanced analysis of their customer’s data,
retailers are now able to understand them from every
angle possible. They gather this data from various
 Even a minute detail about any customer has now become significant for
them. They are now closer to their customers than they have ever been.
This empowers them to provide customers with more personalized
services and predict their demands in advance.
 This helps them in building a loyal customer base. Some of the biggest
names in the retail world like Walmart, Sears and Holdings, Costco,
Walgreens, and many more now have Big Data as an integral part of their
organizations.
 A study by the National Retail Federation estimated that sales in November
and December are responsible for as much as 30% of retail annual sales.
2. Big Data in Healthcare
 Big Data and healthcare are an ideal match. It complements the
healthcare industry better than anything ever will. The amount of
data the healthcare industry has to deal with is unimaginable.
 Gone are the days when healthcare practitioners were incapable
of harnessing this data. From finding a cure to cancer to
detecting Ebola and much more, Big Data has got it all under
its belt and researchers have seen some life-saving outcomes
through it.
 Big Data and analytics have given them the license to build
more personalized medications. Data analysts are harnessing
this data to develop more and more effective treatments.
Identifying unusual patterns of certain medicines to discover
ways for developing more economical solutions is a common
practice these days.
 Explore how Big Data helps to speed up the treatment
process – Big Data in Healthcare.
 Smart wearables have gradually gained popularity and are
the latest trend among people of all age groups. This
generates massive amounts of real-time data in the form of
alerts which helps in saving the lives of the people.
3. Big Data in
Education
 When you ask people about the use of the data that an
educational institute gathers, the majority of the people will
have the same answer that the institute or the student might
need it for future references.
 Even you had the same perception about this data, didn’t you?
But the fact is, this data holds enormous importance. Big Data
is the key to shaping the future of the people and has the power
to transform the education system for better.
 Some of the top universities are using Big Data as a tool to
renovate their academic curriculum. Additionally, universities
can even track the dropout rates of the students and are taking
the required measures to reduce this rate as much as possible.
 4. Big Data in E-
commerce
 One of the greatest revolutions this generation has seen is that of E-commerce. It
is now part and parcel of our routine life. Whenever we need to buy something,
the first thought that provokes our mind is E-commerce. And not your surprise,
Big Data has been the face of it.
 Some of the biggest E-commerce companies of the world like Amazon, Flipkart,
Alibaba, and many more are now bound to Big Data and analytics is itself an
evidence of the level of popularity Big Data has gained in recent times.
 Big Data is now as important as anyone else in these organizations. Amazon, the
biggest E-
commerce firm in the world and one of the pioneers of Big Data and analytics, has
Big Data as the backbone of its system. Flipkart, the biggest E-commerce firm in
India, has one of the most robust data platforms in the country.
 See how Flipkart used Big Data to have one of the most robust data platforms.
 Big Data’s recommendation engine is one of the most amazing applications the Big
Data world has ever witnessed. It furnishes the companies with a 360-degree view
of its customers.
 Companies then suggest customers accordingly. Customers now experience more
personalized services than they have ever had. Big Data has completely redefined
people’s online shopping experiences.
5. Big Data in Media and
Entertainment
 Media and Entertainment industry is all about art and employing Big
Data in it is a sheer piece of art. Art and science are often considered to
be the two completely contrasting domains but when employed together,
they do make a deadly duo and Big Data’s endeavors in the media
industry are a perfect example of it.

 Viewers these days need content according to their choices only.

Content that is relatively new to what they saw the previous time.
Earlier the companies broadcasted the Ads randomly without any kind
of analysis.
 But after the advent of Big Data analytics in the industry, companies now
are aware of the kind of Ads that attracts a customer and the most
appropriate time to broadcast it for seeking maximum attention.
 Customers are now the real heroes of the Media and entertainment
industry - courtesy to Big Data and Analytics.
 6. Big Data in
Finance
 The functioning of any financial organization depends heavily on its
data and to safeguard that data is one of the toughest challenges any
financial firm faces. Data has been the second most important
commodity for them after money.
 Even before Big Data gained popularity, the finance industry was
already conquering the technical field. In addition to it, financial
firms were among the earliest adopters of Big Data and Analytics.
 Digital banking and payments are two of the most trending
buzzwords around and Big data has been at the heart of it. Big Data
is bossing the key areas of financial firms such as fraud detection,
risk analysis, algorithmic trading, and customer contentment.
 This has brought much-needed fluency in their systems. They are
now empowered to focus more on providing better services to their
customers rather than focussing on security issues. Big Data has now
enhanced the financial system with answers to its hardest of the
challenges.
 Industry
 While Big Data is spreading like wildfire and various industries have been
cooking its food with it, the travel industry was a bit late to realize its worth.
Better late than never though. Having a stress-free traveling experience is
still like a daydream for many.
 And now Big Data’s arrival is like a ray of hope, that will mark the
departure of all the hindrances in our smooth traveling experience.

 See how Big Data is revolutionizing the travel & tourism sector.
 Through Big Data and analytics, travel companies are now able to offer
more customized traveling experience. They are now able to understand
their customer’s requirements in a much-enhanced way.
 From providing them with the best offers to be able to make suggestions in
real-time, Big Data is certainly a perfect guide for any traveler. Big Data is
gradually taking the window seat in the travel industry.
8. Big Data in Telecom
 The telecom industry is the soul of every digital revolution that takes place
around the world. With the ever-increasing popularity of smartphones, it has
flooded the telecom industry with massive amounts of data.
 And this data is like a goldmine, telecom companies just need to know how to
dig it properly. Through Big Data and analytics, companies are able to provide
the customers with smooth connectivity, thus eradicating all the network barriers
that the customers have to deal with.
 Companies now with the help of Big Data and analytics can track the areas with
the lowest as well as the highest network traffics and thus doing the needful to
ensure hassle-free network connectivity.
 Big Data alike other industries have helped the telecom industry to understand
its customers pretty well.
 Telecom industries now provide customers with offers as customized as
possible.
 Big Data has been behind the data revolution we are currently experiencing.
 9. Big Data in Automobile
 “A business like an automobile, has to be driven, in order to get results.”
B.C. Forbes
 And Big Data has now taken complete control of the automobile industry
and is driving it smoothly. Big Data is driving the automobile industry
towards some unbelievable and never before results.
 The automobile industry is on a roll and Big Data is its wheels or I must say
Big Data has given wings to it. Big Data has helped the automobile industry
achieve things that were beyond our imaginations

 From analyzing the trends to understanding the supply chain

management, from taking care of its customers to turning our
wildest dream of connected cars a reality, Big Data is well and truly
driving the automobile industry crazy.