Principles of object-oriented

programming Course Title: Programming Language 2

Course Code: CSC 2213

Dept. of Computer Science

Faculty of Science and Technology

Lecturer No: 9 Week No: 9 Semester: Summer 24-25

Lecturer: Md. Faruk Abdullah Al Sohan; faruk.sohan@aiub.edu

 Outline

 The C++ I/O System Basics

 Introduction to File I/O
 C++ Streams

 A stream is a logical device that either produces or

consumes information.
 A stream is linked to a physical device by the I/O
system.
 All streams behave in the same way even though the
actual physical devices they are connected to may
differ substantially.
 C++ Streams cont.…

 Because all streams behave the same, the same I/O

functions can operate on virtually any type of
physical device.
 For example, you can use the same function that
writes to a file to write to the printer or to the screen.
 The advantage to this approach is that you need to
learn only one I/O system.
 Example

IOS
Program

stream istream ostream

Device iostream
 The C++ Predefined
Streams
 C++ contains several predefined streams that are
automatically opened when your program begins
execution.
 They are
 cin
 cout
 cerr
 clog.
 The C++ Predefined
Streams
 cin is the stream associated with standard input.
 cout is the stream associated with standard output.
 The cerr stream is linked to standard output, and
so is clog.
 The difference between these two streams is that
clog is buffered, but cerr is not.
 Typically, cerr and clog are streams to which
program debugging or error information is written.
Classes for Stream I/O in
C++
 Introduction to File I/O
 What is file?
 A file is a collection of information, usually stored
on a computer’s disk. Information can be saved to
files and then later reused.
 File names:
 All files are assigned a name that is used for
identification purposes by the operating system
and the user.
 File Streams
 C++ provides the following classes to perform
output and input of characters to/from files:

 ofstream: Stream class to write on files

 ifstream: Stream class to read from files
 fstream: Stream class to both read and write
from/to files.
 Functions of file stream
classes
ifstream:
 Input file stream Class
 open() is a member function of the class ifstream
 Inherited functions of ifstream class, from the class
istream are › read()
› get()
› seekg()
› getline()
› tellg()
 Functions of file stream
classes
ofstream:
 Output file stream Class
 open() is a member function of the class ofstream
 Inherited functions of ofstream class, from the class
ostream are
 put()
 write()
 seekp()
 tellp()
 Functions of file stream
classes
 fstream:
 It supports files for simultaneous input and output.
 fstream is derived from -
› ifstream
› ofstream
› iostream
 Example: File create

 This code creates a file called example.txt and

inserts a sentence into it in the same way we are
used to do with cout but using the file stream
myfile instead.
 Example: File create
// basic file operations
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;

int main () {
ofstream myfile; Output:
myfile.open ("example.txt");
myfile << "Writing this to a file.\n"; [file
example.txt]
myfile.close(); Writing this to a file
return 0;
}
 File

 Ifstream creates an input stream (>>).

 ofstream creates an output stream (<<).
 fstream creates both input and output stream
 There are 2 formats of file operation
1. Text format :only char data.
2. Binary format.
 Text Format
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
using namespace
using namespace std; std;
int main()
int
{ main()
int num[ ]={5,7,11,13,19};
{ ofstream fout("test.txt");
for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
int num[ ]={5,7,11,13,19};
fout<<num[i]<<endl;
return 0;
} ofstream fout("test.txt");
for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
fout<<num[i]<<endl;
return 0;
}
 get & put pointer

 Theoretically, get pointer should move as we take

input from a file & put pointer should move as we
write to a file. But practically, get & put pointers
move together.
 Relevant
Functions
 Four relevant functions are-
 seekg: Moves the get pointer to a specified byte.
 seekp: Moves the put pointer to a specified byte.
 tellg: Tells the present position (byte no.) of get
pointer.
 tellp: Tells the present position (byte no.) of put
pointer.
 File cont.…

 In file, counting of bytes starts from zero (0).

 Here, present position means next byte to read or
write.
 In a single file, at a time more than one file
object/pointer should not work.
 Example
int main()
{
cout<<x<<endl;
ofstream fout("test2.txt");
fin.seekg(1); Output:
fout<<10<<endl;
fin>>x;
fout.close();
cout<<x<<endl; 10
ifstream fin("test2.txt");
cout<<fin.tellg()<<endl; 0
int x; 3
return 0;
fin>>x; }
 Example
int main()
{
ofstream fout("test2.txt");
if(!fout)cout<<"Can't open file"<<endl;
else{ Output:
cout<<fout.tellp()<<endl;
fout<<"hello world"<<'\n';
0
cout<<fout.tellp()<<endl; 12
fout.seekp(2); 18
fout<<"and this planet"<<'\n';
cout<<fout.tellp()<<endl;
fout.close();

}
return 0;
}
 Example
#include <iostream>
#include<fstream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
ifstream fin("test2.txt"); Output:
char x;
while(!fin.eof()){
Enjoy Learning File System
fin.get(x);
cout<<x;
}
fin.close();
return 0;
}
References
1. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_basic_syntax.htm
2. https://www.cplusplus.com/doc/tutorial/
3. http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/header
Books
 Teach Yourself C++, 3rd Edition, Herbert Schildt.
 The C++ Complete Reference, 4th Edition, Herbert Schildt.
 C++ How to Program, 4th Edition, Deitel and Deitel.
 The C++ Programming Language, Special 3rd Edition, Bjarne Stroustrup
 Thinking in C++, Volume One, 2nd Edition. Bruce Eckel.