Programmin

g Language
What is the C++ Programming
Language?
• C++ is statically typed, complied, general-purpose,
case sensitive, free-form programming languages that
supports procedural, object oriented, and generic
programming.
• C++ is an intermediate-level language, as it
encapsulates both high and low-level languages
features. Initially, the language was called “C with
classes” as it had all properties of the C language with
an additional concept of “classes”. However, it was
renamed C++ in 1983.
Brief History of C++

• The programming language was

developed by Bjarne Stroustrup
in 1979 at Bell Labs in Murray
Hill, New Jersey, as an
enhancement to the C
programming language and
originally named C with Classes
but later it was renamed C++ in
1983.
Brief History of C++
• In 1989, the first true C++
compiler, G++ was written by
Michael Tiemann of Cygnus
was able to produce codes for
most of the targets that GCC
already supported
• One of the plus points of the language and especially
the standard one is that it encompasses the language
interface the Standard Library and also the Standard
Template Library (STL)
• There are many new features added in this language
but few of them are presented in the following manner .
• Built-in-tool (Boolean) type
• Cast
• Namespaces
• Mutable
• Templates
• Exceptions
• Standard Template Library(STL)
Features of C++
Features of C++
• Simple
• Portability
• Powerful
• Platform dependent
• Object-oriented
• Case-sensitive
• Compiler-based
• Syntax-based Language
• Use of pointers
Simple
• Every C++ program can be written in simple English
language so that it is very easy to understand and
developed by the programmer.
Platform-dependent
• A language is said to be platform dependent whenever
the program is executed in the same operating system
where that was developed and compiled but not run
and execute on another operating system.
Portability
• It is the concept of carrying the instruction from one
system to another system.
• In C++ language
.cpp file containing source code, we can also edit
this code
.exe file contain an application, only we can
execute this file.
Powerful
• C++ is very powerful language, it has wide variety of
data types, functions control statements, decision-
making statements, etc.
Object-oriented programming
language
• It follow the concept of oops like polymorphism,
inheritance, encapsulation, abstraction.
Oops = used to show recognition of a mistake or minor
accident, often as part of an apology.
Polymorphism = the ability of an object to take on many
forms
Encapsulation = the bundling of data (attributes or
variables) and methods (functions) that operate on that
data into a single unit, like a class
Inheritance= his process, known as inheritance, involves
a base class and a derived class:
Abstraction means displaying only essential information and
ignoring the details
Case Sensitive
• C++ is a case sensitive programming language . In C+
+ programming break and BREAK both are different.
• If any language treats lower case letter separately and
uppercase letter separately that they can be called
case sensitive programming language.
Compiler based
• C++ is compiler-based programming language that
means without compilation no C++ program can be
executed . First, we need compiler to compile our
program and then execute.
Syntax-based Language
refers to the rules governing the structure and
arrangement of elements (words, symbols, etc.) to form
valid expressions or sentences
• C++ is a strongly tight syntax-based programming
language.
• If any language follow rules and regulation very strictly
known as strongly tight syntax-based language.
Example C, C++, Java, .net etc.
• If any language doesn’t follow rules and regulation
strictly known as loosely tight syntax-based
language Example HTML
Use of Pointers
Pointers are crucial for dynamic memory allocation
using new and delete. This allows for flexible
memory usage, especially for objects whose size or
lifetime is not known at compile time.

• Pointers is a variable which holds the address of

another variable, pointer directly direct access to a
memory address of any variable due to this
performance of an application is improved.
Standard Libraries in
C++
Standard Libraries in C++
• The standard C++ libraries consist of three important
parts
1. The core language giving all the building blocks
including variables, data types, and literals etc.
2. The C++ Standard Library giving a rich set of
functions manipulating files, strings, etc.
3. The Standard Template Library (STL) giving a rich
set of methods manipulating data structures etc.
 Advantages and
Disadvantages of C++
Advantages of C++
1. Object-oriented
2. Portable language (writing a program irrespective of
the operating system as well as hardware.
3. Low-level language like Assembly language on
Machine language called portable.
4. C++ use multi-paradigm programming. The paradigm
means the style of programming . Paradigm
connected about logic structure, and procedure of the
program. C++ multi-paradigm means it follows three
paradigm Generic, Imperative, Object Oriented.
Advantages of C++
5. It is useful for low-level programming language and
very efficient for general purpose.
6. C++ provides performance and memory efficiency.
7. It provide high-level abstraction.
8. In the language of the problem domain
9. C++ is compatible with C
10. C++ inheritance polymorphism
Disadvantages of C++
1. It has no security
2. Complex with very large high-level program.
3. Used for platform-specific application commonly.
4. For a particular operating system or platform, the
library set has usually chosen that locks.
5. When C++ used for web applications complex and
difficult to debug.
Disadvantages of C++
6. C++ can’t support garbage collection.
7. C++ is not secure because it has a pointer, friend
function, and global variable.
8. No support for threads built in.
List of Software written
in C++
Operating System
• Windows NT • Apple Mac OS
• Windows 95, 98,2000 • Symbian OS
• Windows Millenium • Be-OS
• Windows XP • Google Chrome OS
• Windows Vista • RIM BlackBerry OS
• Windows 7 4.x
• Windows 8
• Windows 10
• Windows 11
Web Browser
• Microsoft Internet Explorer
• Google Chrome
• Mozilla Firefox
• Safari
• Netscape Navigator
• Opera and Opera Mini
Office Products
• Microsoft Office (Word, Excel, Access, PowerPoint,
Outlook, FrontPage)
• Apache Open Office
• Corel Office
E-mail Clients
• Microsoft Outlook
• IBM Lotus Notes
• Mozilla Thunderbird
Websites
• Facebook
• Youtube
• Amazon
• Paypal
Multimedia Player
• Winamp
• Microsoft Multimedia Player
• Apple Ipod software
• VLC media Player
Database system
• Oracle database
• MySQL
• IBM DB2
• Microsoft SQL Server
• IBM Informix
• SAP DB/MaxDB
• Mongo DB
Differences Between C
and C++
 Differences Between C and C++
C C++

• C is the function or • C++is the object-oriented

procedure programming programming language.
language • C++ is secure, because oop’s
• C is less secure than C++ concept is available. Here data
is hidden and can’t be access
• In C programming variable by external functions.
declaration is possible only • In C++ you can anywhere
top of the program. declare the variable.
• In C, namespace feature is • In C++ namespace feature is
not available. present.
• C is a middle-level • C++ is a high-level language
language
 Differences Between C and C++
C C++
• Top-down approach. • Bottom-up approach.
• In this programming • In this programming
programs are divided into programs are divided into
modules and functions. classes and functions.
• Here no exception handling • It support exception
concept is available handling concept.
• C uses scanf() and printf() • C++ uses cin>> and
function for standard input cout>> for standard input
and output. and output.
 Differences Between C and C++
C C++
• Features like function • C++ supports function
overloading and operator overloading and operator
overloading is not present. overloading.
• C program file is saved with • C++ program is saved
the .C extension with .cpp extension.