Software Engineering
• What is Software Engineering?
• Importance of Software Engineering
• Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
• SDLC Phases
• Software Development Models
• Agile Methodology
• Software Design Principles
• Programming Languages
Software Engineering
• Software Testing
• Types of Software Testing
• Software Maintenance
• Software Engineering Tools
• Software Security
• Cloud Computing in Software Engineering
• Future Trends in Software Engineering
• Career Opportunities in Software Engineering
• Key Components
What is Software Engineering?
• Systematic approach to software development
• Uses engineering principles
• Ensures software is reliable and efficient
• Reliability a system is suppose to works consistently and
correctly without unexpected failures
• Efficiency the system runs fast and uses minimal
resources, such as memory, processing power, and
network bandwidth
• Involves design, development, and maintenance
• Focuses on cost-effective solutions there is a budget
involved
• Essential for modern applications
Importance of Software Engineering
• Reduces complexity in development
‒Software is suppose to be easier to build, understand,
and maintain
• Improves software quality and security
• Ensures scalability and performance
‒making sure that software can handle more users,
data, or workload without slowing down or crashing
• Helps manage large projects efficiently
• Saves time and cost in the long run
‒efficient planning, reusable components, and
automation to reduce manual work and error
• Enhances collaboration in teams
Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
• Step-by-step process for software creation
‒a step-by-step process used to design, develop, test,
and maintain software
• Ensures quality and efficiency
• Includes planning, analysis, and design
• Involves implementation and testing
• Followed by deployment and maintenance
‒turns ideas and designs into a working product
• Helps deliver structured software solutions
SDLC Phases
1. Planning – Define goals & feasibility
2. Requirement Analysis – Understand user needs
3. Design – Create architecture & UI/UX
4. Development/ implementation – Code the application
5. Testing – Identify and fix bugs
6. Deployment & Maintenance – Release and update
Software Development Models
• Waterfall Model (Sequential steps)
• Agile Model (Iterative & flexible)
• Spiral Model (Risk-based & iterative)
• V-Model (Verification & validation)
• RAD Model (Rapid Application Development)
• Each model fits different project needs
Agile Methodology
• Popular modern development approach
• Uses short cycles (sprints) for development
• Focuses on customer collaboration
• Adapts quickly to changes
• Includes Scrum, Kanban, and XP frameworks
• Enhances team productivity and efficiency
Software Design Principles
• Keep software modular for easy updates
• Ensure scalability for future growth
• Maintain simplicity for readability
• Follow security best practices
• Prioritize performance optimization
• Focus on reusability to save time
Programming Languages
• Java – Used for enterprise apps
• Python – Popular for AI & data science
• C++ – Ideal for system software & gaming
• JavaScript – Essential for web development
• Swift – Used for iOS app development
• Each language has unique use cases
Software Testing
• Ensures software works as expected
• Detects and fixes bugs early
• Includes unit, integration, and system testing
• Can be manual or automated
• Improves software reliability and security
• Reduces cost of fixing issues later
Types of Software Testing
• Unit Testing – Tests small code blocks
• Integration Testing – Checks module interaction
• System Testing – Tests the whole software
• Acceptance Testing – Validates user requirements
• Performance Testing – Ensures speed & efficiency
• Security Testing – Identifies vulnerabilities
Software Maintenance
• Fixes bugs and errors post-launch
• Enhances performance and security
• Adapts software to new hardware/software
• Includes corrective, adaptive, and perfective
maintenance
• Ensures longevity and efficiency
• Keeps users satisfied and engaged
Software Engineering Tools
• Version Control: Git, GitHub
• IDEs: VS Code, Eclipse, PyCharm
• Testing Tools: Selenium, JUnit
• CI/CD Tools: Jenkins, Docker
• Project Management: Jira, Trello
• Cloud Services: AWS, Azure, Google Cloud
Software Security
• Prevents hacking and cyber threats
• Uses encryption and authentication
• Regular updates and patches needed
• Implements firewalls and secure coding
• Follows OWASP security best practices
• Essential for data privacy compliance
Cloud Computing in Software Engineering
• On-demand access to computing resources
• Used for storage, databases, and applications
• Scalable, cost-effective, and secure
• Includes IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS models
• Reduces infrastructure management needs
• Major providers: AWS, Azure, Google Cloud
Future Trends in Software Engineering
• Artificial Intelligence in automation
• Blockchain for security & transparency
• Internet of Things (IoT) integrations
• Low-code/no-code development platforms
• Quantum computing potential
• Growth of DevOps and Cloud solutions
Career Opportunities in Software Engineering
• Software Developer / Engineer
• DevOps Engineer / Cloud Engineer
• Data Scientist / AI Engineer
• Cybersecurity Analyst
• UI/UX Designer
• Mobile App Developer
Key Components
• Software engineering builds reliable applications
• Follows structured development models
• Uses modern tools for efficiency
• Security and scalability are critical
• Agile methodologies improve flexibility
• Continuous learning is essential in tech
