INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER
SAGAR PRASHIKSHAN SANSTHAN
SINCE 1989
WHAT IS COMPUTER
The word ‘Computer’ originated from the word compute which means to
calculate. A computer is defined as, “ an electronic device that can accept, store
and process data under the control of a set of instructions.
CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER
Comput
er
Analog Hybrid Digital
Mainfra
Micro Mini Super
me
Noteboo
Desktop Laptop PDA
k
ANALOG COMPUTER
• AN ANALOG COMPUTER REPRESENTS THE DATA AS PHYSICAL QUANTITIES
AND OPERATES ON THE DATA BY MANIPULATING THE QUANTITIES.
DIGITAL COMPUTER
• A DIGITAL COMPUTER IS DESIGNED TO PROCESS THE DATA IN NUMERICAL
FORM, ITS CIRCUITS PERFORM MATHEMATICAL OPERATIONS OF ADDITION,
SUBTRACTION, MULTIPLICATION, AND DIVISION.
HYBRID COMPUTER
• A HYBRID IS A COMBINATION OF DIGITAL AND ANALOG COMPUTERS.
• IT COMBINES THE BEST FEATURES OF BOTH TYPES OF COMPUTERS, I.E. IT HAS THE
SPEED OF AN ANALOG COMPUTER AND THE MEMORY AND ACCURACY OF A DIGITAL
COMPUTER.
• IT ACCEPTS ANALOG SIGNALS, CONVERTS THEM INTO DIGITAL, AND PROCESSES
THEM IN DIGITAL FORM.
• A HYBRID COMPUTER MAY BE USED TO PRODUCE ANALOG DATA OR DIGITAL DATA.
DIGITAL COMPUTER ARE GENERALLY
CLASSIFIED BY SIZE:
• MICROCOMPUTERS: MICROCOMPUTERS ARE SMALL, LOW-COST, AND SINGLE-USER
DIGITAL COMPUTERS. THEY INCLUDE CPU, INPUT UNIT, OUTPUT UNIT, STORAGE UNIT,
AND SOFTWARE. (PC, LAPTOP, NOTEBOOK COMPUTER, SMARTPHONE,
PALMTOP).
• MINI COMPUTER: THEY ARE LARGER THAN MICROCOMPUTERS AND MULTI-USER. UP
TO 250 USERS CAN WORK SIMULTANEOUSLY ON IT. THEIR WORKING CAPACITY IS MANY
TIMES GREATER THAN THAT OF MICROCOMPUTERS.
• MAINFRAME: A MAINFRAME IS A VERY LARGE IN SIZE AND EXPENSIVE COMPUTER. IN
THIS, HUNDREDS OR THOUSANDS OF USERS CAN WORK SIMULTANEOUSLY. IT IS USED
AS A SERVER COMPUTER BY BIG COMPANIES.
SUPERCOMPUTER
SUPERCOMPUTERS ARE SOME OF THE FASTEST COMPUTERS CURRENTLY
AVAILABLE. SUPERCOMPUTERS ARE VERY EXPENSIVE AND ARE EMPLOYED FOR
SPECIALIZED APPLICATIONS. FOR EXAMPLE, THEY ARE USED IN WEATHER
FORECASTING, SCIENTIFIC SIMULATION, (ANIMATED) GRAPHICS, NUCLEAR ENERGY
RESEARCH, ELECTRONIC DESIGN, AND ANALYSIS OF GEOLOGICAL DATA.
THE WORLD’S FIRST SUPERCOMPUTER WAS CRAY-1 DEVELOPED BY CRAY
RESEARCH COMPANY IN 1976.
SUPERCOMPUTER MADE IN INDIA
1. PARAM 8000
2. PARAM 10000
3. AADITYA
4. ANUPAM
5. PARAM YUVA
6. PARAM YUVA II
7. EKA
8. AIRAWAT (JUN 2023)
9. PARAM SIDDHI (NOV 2023)
10. PARAM Rudra (September 26, 2024)
PURPOSE OF COMPUTER
• GENERAL PURPOSE COMPUTER: THESE COMPUTERS CAN DO MANY TYPES OF
WORK. LIKE WORD PROCESSING, PRINTING DOCUMENTS, AND CREATING DATABASES.
• SPECIAL PURPOSE COMPUTER: THESE COMPUTERS ARE MADE FOR A SPECIFIC
TASK. THE CPU OF THESE COMPUTERS. ITS CAPABILITY IS BY OUR WORK, THE WORK
FOR WHICH THE COMPUTER IS MADE. COMPUTERS ARE USED IN FIELDS LIKE SPACE
SCIENCE, SCIENTIFIC SCIENCES, SATELLITE OPERATIONS, THE MEDICAL FIELD,
TRAFFIC CONTROL, ETC.
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER
SPEED
1. COMPUTER WORKS AT AN INCREDIBLE SPEED.
2. A POWERFUL COMPUTER CAN PERFORM ABOUT 3-4 MILLION SIMPLE INSTRUCTIONS
PER SECOND.
3. IT CAN PERFORM ARITHMETIC AND LOGICAL OPERATIONS WITHIN A FRACTION OF A
SECOND.
ACCURACY
4. COMPUTER PROVIDES A HIGH DEGREE OF ACCURACY.
STORAGE CAPACITY
5. COMPUTER HAS A MEMORY WHERE IT STORES LARGE VOLUME OF DATA FOR A LONG
PERIOD OF TIME AS WELL AS SHORT PERIOD OF TIME.
RELIABILITY
6. COMPUTERS NEVER MAKE MISTAKES OF THEIR OWN ACCORD.
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER
VERSATILITY
1. COMPUTER IS VERSATILE IN NATURE.
2. AT ONE MOMENT USERS CAN USE THE COMPUTER TO PREPARE A LETTER DOCUMENT
AND IN THE NEXT MOMENT, THEY MAY PLAY MUSIC OR PRINT A DOCUMENT.
DILIGENCE
3. COMPUTER CAN PERFORM LONG AND COMPLEX CALCULATIONS WITH THE SAME
SPEED AND ACCURACY FROM THE START TILL THE END.
AUTOMATION
4. ONCE A PROGRAM EXECUTION STARTS, NO HUMAN INTERVENTION IS REQUIRED TILL
THE PROGRAM ENDS.
PLUG AND PLAY
5. IT CAN AUTOMATICALLY CONFIGURE NEW HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE COMPONENTS.
BASIC APPLICATION OF COMPUTER
COMPUTER IS VERY USEFUL IN OUR DAY TO DAY WORKING. THE BASIC
APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER ARE:
1. WORD PROCESSING
2. IN BANKING
3. INTERNET
4. HOSPITALS
5. COMMUNICATION
6. DESKTOP PUBLISHING
7. DIGITAL VIDEO OR AUDIO COMPOSITION
8. TELECOMMUNICATIONS
