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01 Overview of Data Communication and Networking
The document provides an overview of data communication and networking, covering components, data representation, data flow types, and network criteria such as performance, reliability, and security. It discusses various network types including local area networks and wide area networks, along with the characteristics of different topologies like bus, ring, star, and mesh. Additionally, it touches on internetworking, the role of switches and routers, and the history and standards of the internet.
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01 Overview of Data Communication and Networking
- 1. 1 Overview of DataCommunication and Networking -Meenakshi Paul 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview
- 2. 1. 1 DataCommunication Overview 1.1.1 Components 1.1.2 Data Representation 1.1.3 Data Flow 1.2 Networks 1.2.1 Network Criteria 1.2.2 Physical Structures 1.3 Network Types 1.3.1 Local Area Network 1.3.2 Wide Area Network 1.3.3 Switching 1.3.4 The Internet 1.3.5 Accessing the Internet 1.4 INTERNET HISTORY 1.5 STANDARDS AND ADMINISTRATION 1.5.1 Internet Standards 1.5.2 Internet Administration 2 Outline 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview
- 3. Communication: Sharing/exchangeof information between individuals or system. Types: 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview 3 1.1 Introduction LOCAL REMOTE
- 4. Data: Theinformation present in communication process is referred as Data. It can be in any form text, image, videos, audio, etc. Data Communication: It is exchange of data between two devices via some form of transmission medium such as a wire cable. To make communication possible we need a combination of hardware (physical equipment and software program) components. 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview 4 1.1 Data Communication
- 5. 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview5 1.1 Data Communication Process Hi, how are you? 01010001 Hi, how are you? UserComputer you? how are Hi, you? how are Hi, 01010001 Sender Receiver
- 6. 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview6 1.1.1 Components of Data Communication Hi, how are you? 5 Protocol 4 Medium 3 Receiver2 Sender 1 Message
- 7. Numbers 8/16/32bit integers floating point Text ASCII, Unicode Images Bit patterns, Graphics formats JPG/GIF/etc Audio Samples of continuous signal Video Sequence of bitmap images 7 1.1.2 Data Representation 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview
- 8. Simplex Half-Duplex(Unidirectional) Full-Duplex (Bidirectional) 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview 8 1.1.3 Data Flow
- 9. Simplex: Onedirection only 9 1.1.3 Data Flow Contd.. Server Monitor data flow Keyboard data flow 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview
- 10. Half Duplex: Bothdirections, one at a time E.g., walkie-talkies 10 1.1.3 Data Flow Contd.. data flow at time 1 data flow at time 2 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview
- 11. Full Duplex: Bothdirections simultaneously E.g., telephone Can be emulated on a single communication link using various methods 11 1.1.3 Data Flow Contd.. data flow data flow 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview
- 12. 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview12 1.2 Networks A network is the interconnection of a set of devices capable of communication. A device can be a host (or an end system)
- 13. For effectivecommunication, a network should fulfill below three criteria: Performance Reliability Security 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview 13 1.2.1 Network Criteria
- 14. How muchbetter a network does a piece of work indicates its performance. Performance of a network is affected by the number of users, transmission medium, and hardware or software limitations. It is measured in terms of: Transit time Response time Throughput Delay 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview 14 1.2.1.1 Performance
- 15. Transit time -The planned travelling time of a message node to node is called Transit Time. Response time - The time taken by a device to reply to a message received is called the response time. Throughput - The amount of data processed within a period of time is called throughput. Delay - The data transmitted should always reach its destination in time, i.e. the delay should be minimum for higher performance. 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview 15 1.2.1.1 Performance contd..
- 16. 1.2.1.2 Reliability Thetrustworthy functioning of a network is called its reliability. It is measured in terms of: the number of times a link fails the time taken to recover a failed link 1.2.1.3 Security The security refers to a state free from danger or threat. Network security includes authentication, authorisation, protecting data from unauthorised access, damage, and recovering data in case of data loss. 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview 16 1.2.1 Network Criteria Contd..
- 17. Type ofConnection Point-to-Point Multipoint (Multidrop) Physical Topology Bus Ring Star Mesh Hybrid 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview 17 1.2.2 Physical Structures
- 18. • A point-to-pointconnection provides a dedicated link between two devices. • The entire capacity of the link is reserved for transmission between those two devices. 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview 18 1.2.2.1 Type of Connection
- 19. A multipointconnection is one in which more than two specific devices share a single link. The capacity of the channel is shared 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview 19 1.2.2.1 Type of Connection Wireless
- 20. Physical Topology 8/7/2020 Ch-01Overview 20
- 21. Types of physicaltopology Bus Ring Star Mesh Hybrid 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview 21 1.2.2.2 Physical Topology
- 22. 22 1.2.2.2 Physical Topology Drop line Tap Terminator 8/7/2020Ch-01 Overview Bus Topology
- 23. 23 Bus Topology A BC D 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview
- 24. 24 Bus Topology 8/7/2020 Ch-01Overview
- 25. 25 Bus Topology Pros: Little cabling Easy to install Cons: Difficult to modify Difficult to isolate fault Break in the bus cable stops all transmission 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview Cable End Drop Line Tap
- 26.
- 27.
- 28. 28 Ring Topology Cons: Delay in large ring Break in the ring stops all transmission 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview • Pros: • Easy to install • Easy to identify fault
- 29. 29 Star Topology Hub A D BC Drop Drop 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview
- 30. 30 Star Topology Switch A D BC 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview
- 31. 31 Star Topology Hub A D BC 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview
- 32. 32 Star Topology Pros: One I/O port per device Little cabling Easy to install Robustness Easy to identify fault Cons: Single point of failure More cabling still required Hub 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview
- 33. 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview33 Mesh Topology A CB D E
- 34. 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview34 Mesh Topology
- 35. 35 Mesh Topology Pros: Dedicated links Robustness Privacy Easy to identify fault Cons: A lot of cabling I/O ports Difficult to move 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview
- 36. Hybrid Topologies 36 ACTACT 10M100M 1 23 4 13 14 15 16 5 6 7 8 17 18 19 20 9 10 11 12 21 22 23 24 UPLINK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112 131415161718192021222324 COLCOL PWR SWITCH ACTACT 10M100M 1 2 3 4 13 14 15 16 5 6 7 8 17 18 19 20 9 10 11 12 21 22 23 24 UPLINK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 131415161718192021222324 COLCOL PWR SWITCH 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview
- 37. 1.3.1 Local AreaNetwork 1.3.2 Wide Area Network 1.3.3 Switching 1.3.4 The Internet 1.3.5 Accessing the Internet 37 1.3 Network Categories 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview
- 38. Network ina single office, building, or campus 38 1.3.1 Local Area Networks 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview
- 39. Network providing long-distance communicationover a country, a continent, or the whole world 39 1.3.2 Wide Area Networks 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview
- 40. Circuit Switching Physicallinks are dedicated between two points Packet Switching Data are put in packets which are stored and forwarded at each node Virtual Circuit Switching Virtual links are established between two points Frame Relay and ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) 40 1.3.2 WAN Technologies 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview
- 41. 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview41 Dedicated circuits Circuit switching Telephone switches establish circuits for communication Packet switching Data are put into packets Each stamped with source and destination addresses Routers know where to forward packets 1.3.3 Switching telephone switch RouterPacket
- 42. How toallow devices from different standards to communicate Gateways/routers – devices capable of communicating in several standards These become "network of networks" 42 1.3.4 Internetworking 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview
- 43. Two ormore networks connected become an internetwork, or internet Example: The Internet 43 Internetworks Network1 Network2 Gateway Network3 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview
- 44. The largest internetwork(network of networks) in the world Devices communicating with TCP/IP protocol suite 44 1.3.5 The Internet UCLA Stanford UC Santa Barbara U. of Utah 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview
- 45. 1.4 INTERNET HISTORY 1.5STANDARDS AND ADMINISTRATION 1.5.1 Internet Standards 1.5.2 Internet Administration 8/7/2020 Ch-01 Overview 45 Self Study