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Affordances of openness
- 1. Affordances of Openness: ForeignLanguage Materials for the 21st Century Carl S. Blyth (U. of Texas at Austin) Language Educator Symposium Penn Language Center December 9, 2017
- 2. Coral Coral by flightsaber http://www.flickr.com/photos/flightsaber/2204190345 CCBY-NC 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/
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- 4. Corelle Corelle_Snowflake Garland Cream&; Sugar with Salt & Paper (1974) by catface3 http://www.flickr.com/photos/jfholloway/1456419986/in/photostream CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/
- 5. Working on thecattle in the corrals.jpg by Alister.flint http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Working_on_the_cattle_in_the_corrals.jpg CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/) Corral
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- 7. One of16 NationalForeign Language Resource Centers (2014 – 2018), grant from US Department of Education Located at The University of Texas at Austin Only US DOE Title VI Center (NRCs & LRCs) focused on Open Education and Open Educational Resources (OER) About COERLL
- 8. “Affordance” (James Gibson) Theaffordances of the environment are what it offers the animal, what it provides or furnishes, either for good or ill. The verb to afford is found in the dictionary, the noun affordance is not. I have made it up. I mean by it something that refers to both the environment and the animal in a way that no existing term does. It implies the complementarity of the animal and the environment. Gibson, J. (1979: 127). The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception.
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- 10. An affordance dependson context
- 11. My questions… What arethe perceived affordances of OER? What can educators do with OER that they can’t do (easily) with traditional materials? How does the educational context change the affordances of OER?
- 12. The Crisis: PedagogicalMaterials Higher Education $1300.00 per year the avg. cost of textbooks for an American college student Secondary Education Textbook funding slashed by state budgets. Since 2008, many states have cut textbook funding by more than 50%
- 13. “Why Textbooks CostSo Much” The Economist August 16, 2015
- 14. LRC Mission: toimprove the teaching and learning of foreign languages by producing resources (materials and best practices) that can be profitably employed in K-12 and higher education settings. COERLL's Mission: to produce and disseminate Open Educational Resources (OERs) (e.g., online language courses, reference grammars, assessment tools, corpora, etc.). Mission
- 15. Defining Open Education “Acollective term that refers to forms of education in which knowledge, ideas or important aspects of teaching methodology or infrastructure are shared freely over the Internet.” (Wikipedia)
- 16. Open Education Movement “Theopen education (OE) movement is based on a set of intuitions shared by a remarkably wide range of academics: that knowledge should be free and open to use and re-use; that collaboration should be easier, not harder; that people should receive credit and kudos for contributing to education and research; and that concepts and ideas are linked in unusual and surprising ways and not the simple linear forms that today’s textbook present.” (Baraniuk 2007: 229)
- 17. Coined in 2002during a UNESCO meeting, the term OER refers to any educational material offered freely for anyone to use, typically involving some permission to re-mix, improve, and redistribute. What we mean by OER
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- 20. “Gratis” vs. “Libre” Photosource: free (http://www.flickr.com/photos/tonx/2698947622/) / tonx (http://www.flickr.com/photos/tonx/) / CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/)
- 21. Types of OER •Open Textbooks (e.g., digital / print-on-demand) • Open Courseware (e.g., Power point slides, audio/video lectures, syllabi) • Classroom Activities, Lesson Plans, Quizzes • Homework and Practice Exercises • Authentic L2 Content (e.g., texts, video, audio, images, realia)
- 22. What we meanby OPEN 1. Free Access (online, no passwords, no fees) 2. Enable the “4 R’s” Reuse - copy verbatim Redistribute - share with others Revise - adapt and edit Remix - combine with others
- 23. OER Enablers Open Standards Howto design OERs for sharing Open Licenses Permission to share OERs Technology Tools for creating & sharing OER Communities of practice Sharing ideas & best practices through dialogue
- 24. Copyright “Copyright is alegal right created by the law of a country that grants the creator of an original work exclusive rights for its use and distribution. This is usually only for a limited time.* The exclusive rights are not absolute but limited by limitations and exceptions to copyright law, including fair use.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright *For works published after 1977, the copyright lasts for the life of the author plus 70 years.
- 25. Fair Use “In itsmost general sense, a fair use is any copying of copyrighted material done for a limited and transformative purpose, such as to comment upon, criticize, or parody a copyrighted work. Such uses can be done without permission from the copyright owner.” What Is Fair Use? - Stanford Copyright & Fair Use fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/fair-use/what-is-fair-use/
- 26. R U KeepingIt Legal? “I put all copyrighted materials for my course on our school’s password protected LMS. That way, only my students can access the materials. So, I am not really breaking the law, right?” WRONG!!! If you want to keep your use of media legal, you should always link to copyrighted media, especially if you are using a work in its entirety.
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- 28. • The rightto copy • The right to distribute copies • The right to make derivatives • The right to sell the original or derivatives for a profit Copyright
- 29. Creative Commons: OpenLicenses File:Tyler.stefanich_Creative_Commons_Swag_Contest_2007_2_(by).jpg found at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki / BY-SA (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)
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- 37. Big vs. LittleOER Big OER Little OER Typically generated by institutions. Typically generated and shared by individuals. Advantages = high reputation, good teaching quality, little reversioning required, easily located. Advantages = cheap, web-native, easily remixed and reused. Disadvantages = expensive, often not web native, reuse limited Disadvantages = lower production quality, reputation can be more difficult to ascertain, more difficult to locate Examples: MIT Courseware, UK’s OpenLearn Examples: Blog posts, podcasts, etc. Source: Martin Weller http://nogoodreason.typepad.co.uk/no_good_reason/2009/12/the-politics-of-oer.html
- 38. COERLL’s Strategies forOpenness Design for Sharing & Collaboration Modular content Shareable media (YouTube) Editable formats (Google Docs) Multiple access formats (print-on- demand, mobile, Web, etc.) Building Communities Teachers + Learners + Administrators + Developers
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- 40. Open Textbook Library(U of Minnesota)
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- 42. New LCTL OERProjects Reality Czech (Beginner) Lingua da gente (Beginner to Intermediate) Ki’che’ (Beginner to Advanced)
- 52. Open Corpora Spanish inTexas Corpus
- 54. US Department ofEducation #GoOpen
- 55. Benefits to Students Lowercosts ex. Français Interactif=$2M saved at UT-Austin Adaptable materials to meet local and personal needs Learner-designed materials thanks to “inreach” (involvement of students in product design) Improved quality of pedagogical materials thanks to crowd-sourcing (involvement of students in copy editing and fact checking)
- 56. Benefits to Teachers Greaterimpact; reach more learners and gain recognition More control over materials High quality materials for less commonly taught languages More authentic representation of language-in- context Become a member of a community of practice
- 57. OER Challenges Lack ofawareness What are OER? What’s Creative Commons? Training and support Who will help me if the video crashes? Quality control Don’t you get what you pay for? Findability Where can I find the good stuff? (Christian’s talk) Sustainability Altruism isn’t an business model, right?
- 58. What are yourquestions? Q & A Session
Editor's Notes
- #8 TLTC provided technology support to instructors in the FL departments who wanted to develop online materials. We had always made these materials open access, so it was a natural progression for us to focus on OER as a language resource center.
- #15 as in the OER definition from wikipedia.
- #16 I want to start by introducing COERLL, giving you a little background on our center. Then, I will discuss the “OER” in COERLL – what open educational resources means to us and how we are opening up our language learning tools and materials. I will give you a peek at some of the projects we have been working on. And finally, I want to wrap up by sharing some lessons learned in our journey to becoming more open.
- #17 I want to start by introducing COERLL, giving you a little background on our center. Then, I will discuss the “OER” in COERLL – what open educational resources means to us and how we are opening up our language learning tools and materials. I will give you a peek at some of the projects we have been working on. And finally, I want to wrap up by sharing some lessons learned in our journey to becoming more open.
- #18 as in the OER definition from wikipedia.
- #21 Difference between the meanings of "free", yes it is free as in no cost, but it is also free as in giving you the freedom of sharing ownership of the material. Determine how to move from open access websites to true OER Retrofit existing materials if possible Implement new tools, processes, and strategies to develop new OER Grow communities around our OER
- #32 CC Search Portal
- #40 Student-generated content CreateSpace & Qoop Created in MS Word, All PDFs
- #53 Spanish in Texas Development of materials using video samples from the Corpus Editing pedagogically-useful clips and sharing on YouTube Experimenting with TedEd Launching Facebook community, etc.