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Best practices for keywords in book metadata
Here are some questions to consider when choosing keywords: - Are the keywords truly descriptive of the content or will they mislead consumers? Using unrelated terms just to boost search results should be avoided. - Have you considered keywords from the consumer's perspective? Consider all relevant terms consumers may use to search for the book. - Are there commonly misspelled words or names that could be included to aid discovery? Variations may help consumers find the content. - Are there words that describe elements not covered by other metadata like the location? Specific details can aid discovery. - Are the keywords updated over time to reflect new information like awards or changes in popular search terms? Keeping keywords fresh helps discovery.
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Best practices for keywords in book metadata
- 2. Available as afree PDF download from www.bisg.org/publications
- 3. Jenny Bullough, Chair,Harlequin Enterprises Tod Bookless, Amazon.com Connie Harbison, Baker & Taylor, Inc. Caroline Hayes, Barnes and Noble Julie Morris, BISG Neha Thanki, BookNet Canada Tom Richardson, BookNet Canada Rebecca Albani, Bowker Ralph Coviello, Bowker Renee Register, DataCurate LLC Marianne Nebel, Disney Publishing Worldwide Graham Bell, EDItEUR Martha Moore, Firebrand Technologies Chris Saynor, GiantChair Kate Brown, Hachette Book Group USA Rena Kornbluh, Hachette Book Group USA Miriam Parker, Hachette Book Group USA Sara Sheehan, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Wendell Lotz, Ingram Content Group Frank McDermott, John Wiley & Sons Deborah Darrock, Kaplan Michael Walters, Kensington Publishing Corp. Charles Hart, Kensington Publishing Corp. Patricia Simoes, Kobo Camilla Williams, Library of Congress David Williamson, Library of Congress Clark Fife, Macmillan Julie Blattberg, Open Road Integrated Media Yonah Hirschman, Pearson Mary Leif, Pearson Karen Mitchell, Penguin Random House Laurel Stokes, Penguin Random House Jessica Wells, Penguin Random House Aimee Boyer, Simon and Schuster Steven Deluca, Simon and Schuster Suzanne Donahue, Simon and Schuster Stephanie Lewis, Sourcebooks Maureen Whelan, United States Government Printing Office Katelyn Mirabelli, W.W. Norton
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- 5. What are keywords? Whyuse keywords? How to use keywords ◦ Choose ◦ Structure ◦ Place ◦ Update Pop quiz! Tools Questions
- 6. A word orphrase that describes the content or theme of a book product that is 1) relevant to the work; and 2) used to supplement the title, subtitle, author name, description, subject code, and other consumer-facing display data
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- 8. Online search hasbecome more central to book discovery When browsing or searching online, can’t rely on knowledgeable clerk or librarian – must rely on search algorithms
- 11. Most major retailersuse algorithms that pull from title, cover copy, first-chapter excerpt, subject codes – keywords can help refine search results even further Increase the likelihood that a book may be found by consumers using keyword searches within search engines and on retailer websites
- 12. Keywords are notrequired data, but can be used to supplement other metadata supplied by publishers Can callout elements of the book that are not included in the title, highlight particular content eg gluten-free breakfast
- 13. When the consumer’ssearch term is jargon, very new, distinctive, or specific; for example: Let Me Off at the Top!: My Classy Life and Other Musings (BISAC Subject: HUMOR / Form / Parodies) Possible keywords: Will Ferrell; Anchorman; movies
- 14. When the consumerdoes not know the exact title or author of a book, and the title may be very different from the themes; for example: Orr: My Story (BISAC Subject: BIOGRAPHY & AUTOBIOGRAPHY / Sports) Possible Keywords: ice hockey; Boston Bruins; Chicago Blackhawks; NHL
- 15. To retrieve recordsthat may be classified outside of a specific BISAC subject, but include the subject in which the consumer is interested; for example: Making Toast: A Family Story (BISAC Subject: BIOGRAPHY & AUTOBIOGRAPHY / Personal Memoirs) Possible Keywords: widowers; grandparents; grief; caring for children; domestic life; alternative family
- 16. As consumers donot use BISAC subject classification, search terms can be considered synonymous with (or inclusive within) the BISAC subject heading; for example: Etiquette for Dummies (BISAC Subject: REFERENCE / Etiquette) Possible Keywords: manners; behavior; grooming; dress; social situations
- 17. If a commonlyknown subject term is not referred to anywhere else in the metadata; for example: Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge: A Royal Souvenir (BISAC Subject: BIOGRAPHY & AUTOBIOGRAPHY / Royalty) Possible Keywords: Kate Middleton; Prince William; Prince George; royal family
- 18. To point consumersto another author or title to which the work at hand is directly related, such as a sequel or companion that is written by another author; for example: Eliza’s Daughter (BISAC Subject: FICTION / Historical) Possible Keywords: Jane Austen; Sense & Sensibility; John Willoughby
- 19. To highlight locationsthat aren't covered in BISAC or its regional themes; for example: The Orenda (BISAC Subject: FICTION / Literary) Possible Keywords: Georgian Bay; Northern Ontario
- 20. Choose unique keywords Keywordsshould be used to supplement (but not duplicate) words or phrases included within other ONIX data points Variety improves discoverability Use your space wisely For example, for a title set in New York, a more specific location, such as Hell’s Kitchen, could be used in the keywords
- 21. Choose consumer-oriented keywords Offeralternative phrases, synonyms, or refinements to other metadata, using consumer-oriented language Consider all of the words and phrases that consumers might use to search for a book For example, for a title with World War II as the setting or context (either fiction or non- fiction), a set of keywords might include the following phrases, among others: World War 2, Second World War, WWII
- 22. Choose relevant keywords Keywordsshould be chosen because of their ability to describe a book’s content Referencing an unrelated work or author to increase search results should be avoided For example, publishers should use their best judgment as to whether keywords such as “Downton Abbey” are in fact relevant to their works
- 23. Single words andmultiple-word phrases of 2 to 5 words are acceptable Cases in which there are legitimate spelling variations of an important word (for example, “Hanukkah,” “Chanukah,” and “Chanukkah”), or cases where there are commonly misspelled words and names, may be useful Use as many synonyms as are appropriate
- 24. The maximum numberof characters in the Keywords field recommended by this document, including punctuation and delimiters, is 500 Because there is no current standard practice among downstream partners on the limit to number of keywords accepted or utilized, keywords should be ordered based on priority
- 25. While it isa general best practice to avoid using punctuation within keyword phrases, some punctuation may be unavoidable in phrasing For example, there are some hyphenated words users might employ (award-winner) Limit special characters (such as “&”)
- 26. Spaces are acceptablewithin phrases Semicolons, rather than commas, should be used as delimiters, in order to accommodate phrases It is a best practice not to include spaces following the semicolon delimiter
- 27. Keywords may besupplied in the Additional Subject composite. Use multiple keywords that are expressed as a single string of independent words or keyword phrases. Publishers should avoid using the Main Subject composite to supply keywords because this composite describes a single subject value, while keywords are used to describe multiple subject values.
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- 30. Keywords should besent with ONIX records within six months leading up to publication, and updated, as needed, with new or more appropriate keywords after publication As keywords are developed and decided upon, they should be added, removed, or changed in ONIX, as necessary, and ONIX records re-supplied
- 31. It is abest practice to update the entire keyword field in ONIX whenever a keyword is added, removed, or changed within a keyword string Downstream trading partners should update keywords whenever new information is received
- 32. Updating keywords toinclude prize winning information Title: Boomerang Bride Author: Fiona Lowe BISAC Subject Heading: FIC027020 Romance/Contemporary Original keywords: wedding;Wyoming;bride;jilted bride Updated keywords: RUBY Award winner;RITA award winner;wedding;Wyoming, bride;jilted bride
- 33. Updating keywords toinclude newly popular search terms used by readers Title: Rush Me Author: Allison Parr BISAC Subject Heading: FIC027240 Romance/New Adult Original keywords: football;NFL;New York;high school reunion Updated keywords: sports romance;football; NFL;New York;high school reunion
- 34. Title: A Dancewith Dragons Author: George R. R. Martin Series: Song of Ice and Fire (Book 5) BISAC Subject Headings: FIC009020; FIC002000; FIC028010 Keywords: Game of Thrones;kingdoms;kings; magic;dragons;HBO series;medieval;saga; Targaryen
- 35. Title: Grain Brain Subtitle:The Surprising Truth about Wheat, Carbs, and Sugar--Your Brain's Silent Killers Author: David Perlmutter BISAC Subject Headings: HEA017000; HEA039140; HEA039110; HEA000000 Keywords: Alzheimers;Gluten-free;Celiac;Celiac disease;auto-immune disease;memory loss;wheat allergy;gluten allergy;brain health;neurology;nutrition;weight loss;migraines;What is gluten;What is gluten-free
- 36. Title: Thirteen ReasonsWhy Author: Jay Asher BISAC Subject Categories: JUV028000; JUV039030; JUV039060 Keywords: Th1rteen R3asons Why;death aftermath;death;friendship;peer pressure;teen gossip;adolescent depression; suicide
- 37. Which of thesekeywords should NOT be used? Title: Mira In the Present Tense Author: Sita Brahmachari Possible Keywords: coming of age; death; coping with loss; jewish teen fiction; young adult fiction; Fault In Our Stars; family
- 38. Which of thesekeywords should NOT be used? Title: Mira In the Present Tense Author: Sita Brahmachari Possible Keywords: coming of age; death; coping with loss; jewish teen fiction; young adult fiction; Fault In Our Stars; family
- 39. Which of thesekeywords should NOT be used? Title: Capital in the Twenty-First Century Author: Thomas Piketty Possible Keywords: New York Times bestseller; NYTimes best-seller; best-selling; inequality; wealth inequality; economy; Karl Marx; economic history
- 40. Which of thesekeywords should NOT be used? Title: Capital in the Twenty-First Century Author: Thomas Piketty Possible Keywords: New York Times bestseller; NYTimes best-seller; best-selling; inequality; wealth inequality; economy; Karl Marx; economic history
- 41. Which of thesekeywords should NOT be used? Title: The Goldfinch: A Novel Author: Donna Tartt Possible Keywords: literary novel; underground artwork; The Goldfinch; Pulitzer Prize winner; art mystery
- 42. Which of thesekeywords should NOT be used? Title: The Goldfinch: A Novel Author: Donna Tartt Possible Keywords: literary novel; underground artwork; The Goldfinch; Pulitzer Prize winner; art mystery
- 43. Which of thesekeywords should NOT be used? Title: Hard Choices Author: Hillary Rodham Clinton Possible Keywords: female politician; first lady biography; Secretary of State; women&politics; women in US politics
- 44. Which of thesekeywords should NOT be used? Title: Hard Choices Author: Hillary Rodham Clinton Possible Keywords: female politician; first lady biography; Secretary of State; women&politics; women in US politics
- 45. Need help choosingkeywords? Try some of these tools! Google AdWords Keyword Planner (Replaced Google Keyword Tool in 2013.) ◦ www.google.com/AdWords Bing Keyword Research Tool ◦ http://www.bing.com/toolbox/keywords Google Trends ◦ http://www.google.com/trends/ Open Refine (Formerly Google Refine) ◦ http://openrefine.org/ Google Ngram Viewer (Google Books) ◦ https://books.google.com/ngrams