C# / Java Language Comparison

C# / Java Language Comparison

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  . . C# / JavaLanguage Comparison Robert Bachmann April 4, 2011 1 / 22
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  Outline My favorite pitfalls Commonconventions Type system Generics Keywords Exceptions Speci c features of Java Speci c features of C# 2 / 22
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  My favorite pitfalls str== "hello" Checks equality in C#. Checks identity in Java. Virtual methods Opt-out in Java (final keyword) vs. opt-in in C# (virtual keyword) Dates new GregorianCalendar(2011, 3, 4)1 vs. new DateTime(2011,4,4) 1 Hint: use YodaTime, Date4J, … 3 / 22
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  Common conventions Package names/ Namespaces: org.acme.foo vs. Acme.Foo Interfaces: Supplier vs. ISupplier Methods: doSomething vs. DoSomething Opening braces: Same line in Java vs. next line in C# 4 / 22
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  Type system Basic types Java String Object boolean char short int long double oat byte — — — — C# string object bool char short int long double oat sbyte byte ushort uint ulong CLRType String Object Boolean Char Int16 Int32 Int64 Double Single SByte Byte UInt16 UInt32 UInt64 5 / 22
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  Type system Java hasreference and primitive types. C# has reference and value types. Uses an uni ed type system, for example you can do 42.ToString() It’s possible to create custom value types: public struct Point { public int X { get; set; } public int Y { get; set; } public override string ToString () { return String . Format ("({0} ,{1})", X, Y); } } 6 / 22
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  Generics Java uses typeerasure. Generics are (mostly) a compiler feature. new ArrayList <Integer >(). getClass (); // -> ArrayList new ArrayList <String >(). getClass (); // -> ArrayList C# uses rei ed generics. Generics are a runtime feature. new List <int >(). GetType (); // -> List `1[ Int32 ] new List <string >(). GetType (); // -> List `1[ String ] 7 / 22
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  Generics in Java Code: ArrayList<String > list1 = new ArrayList <String >(); list1 .add(" hello "); String s = list1 .get (0); ArrayList <Integer > list2 = new ArrayList <Integer >(); list2 .add (42); int i = list2 .get (0); Decompiled: ArrayList list1 = new ArrayList (); list1 .add(" hello "); String s = ( String ) list1 .get (0); ArrayList list2 = new ArrayList (); list2 .add( Integer . valueOf (42)); int i = (( Integer ) list2 .get (0)). intValue (); 8 / 22
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  Generics in C# Code: List<string > list1 = new List <string >(); list1 .Add(" hello "); string s = list1 [0]; List <int > list2 = new List <int >(); list2 .Add (42); int i = list2 [0]; Decompiled: List <string > list = new List <string >(); list.Add(" hello "); string text = list [0]; List <int > list2 = new List <int >(); list2 .Add (42); int num = list2 [0]; 9 / 22
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  Generics List factory methodexample public class ListFactory { public static <T> List <T> newList () { // ^^^ return new ArrayList <T >(); } } // use with List <String > list = ListFactory . newList (); 10 / 22
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  Generics List factory methodexample public class ListFactory { public static IList <T> newList <T >() // ^^^ { return new List <T >(); } } // use with IList <int > list = ListFactory .newList <int >(); // Does not work: IList <int > list = ListFactory . newList (); // The type arguments for method // ListFactory .newList <T >() ' cannot be inferred // from the usage . // Try specifying the type arguments explicitly . 11 / 22
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  Generics Constraints <T extends Comparable<T>> T max(T a, T b) { if (a. compareTo (b) > 0) return a; else return b; } T max <T >(T a, T b) where T : IComparable <T> { if (a. CompareTo (b) > 0) return a; else return b; } 12 / 22
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  Generics Constraints where T :ClassOrInterface, same as T extends ClassOrInterface where T : new(), T has a parameterless constructor. where T : class, T is a reference type. where T : struct, T is a value type. 13 / 22
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  Keywords Visibility Common: public, protected,and private Java: Package visibility. C#: internal and protected internal final vs. sealed (for methods and classes) final vs. readonly (for members) for (T item : items) vs. foreach (T item in items) instanceof vs. is Foo.class vs. typeof(Foo) 14 / 22
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  Exceptions Java Must throw aThrowable Has checked and unchecked exceptions Re-throw with throw e; C# Must throw an Exception Has no checked exceptions Re-throw with throw; throw e; has a different semantic 15 / 22
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  Speci c featuresof Java Anonymous inner classes static import 16 / 22
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  Speci c featuresof C# First class properties using blocks Preprocessor Delegates and lambda expressions LINQ 17 / 22
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  Speci c featuresof C# using blocks // using ( IDisposable ) static String ReadFirstLineFromFile ( String path) { using ( StreamReader reader = File. OpenText (path )) { return reader . ReadLine (); } } // http :// download .java.net/jdk7/docs/ technotes / // guides / language /try -with - resources .html // try ( AutoClosable ) static String readFirstLineFromFile ( String path) throws IOException { try ( BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader (new FileReader (path )) { return br. readLine (); } } 18 / 22
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  Speci c featuresof C# Preprocessor public static void Main( string [] args) { #if DEBUG Console . WriteLine (" Debug ␣..."); # endif Console . WriteLine (" Hello "); } 19 / 22
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  Speci c featuresof C# Delegates and lambda expressions public delegate bool Predicate <T>(T obj ); public static void Main( string [] args) { List <string > list = new List <string >{ " Hello ", " World ", "what 's", "up" }; Predicate <String > shortWord ; shortWord = delegate ( string s) { return s. Length < 4;}; shortWord = s => s. Length < 4; list.Find( shortWord ); // or just list.Find(s => s. Length < 4); } 20 / 22
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  Speci c featuresof C# LINQ public static void Main( string [] args) { var list = new List <string > { " Hello ", " World ", "what 's", "up" }; var result = from item in list select item. Length ; foreach (int i in result ) { Console . WriteLine (i); // -> 5, 5, 6, 2 } } 21 / 22
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  Speci c featuresof C# More features Operator overloading dynamic pseudo-type yield keyword, similar to Python Extension methods Expression trees Explicit interfaces Partial classes … See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_C_Sharp_and_Java 22 / 22